LabDxCBCquizlet

Question 1

After an appropriate history and physical examination, CBC can help

Answer 1

Make a diagnosis

Question 2

Small pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding under the skin

Answer 2

Petechiae

Question 3

A large bone marrow cell with a lobulated nucleus responsible for the production of thrombocytes (platelets)

Answer 3

Megakaryocyte

Question 4

All blood cells stem from the ____________

Answer 4

Hematopoietic stem cell

Question 5

_________ gives rise to basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.

Answer 5

Myeloblast

Question 6

What are some complaints that might lead you to perform a CBC?

Answer 6

Fever, fatigue, dyspnea (shortness of breath), palpitations, lymphadenopathy, and dizziness to name a few…

Question 7

What are the two main types of leukocytes?

Answer 7

Granulocytes & Agranulocytes

Question 8

What are the three types of granulocytes?

Answer 8

Neutrophils, Basophils, and Eosinophils

Question 9

What are the two types of agranulocytes?

Answer 9

Lymphocytes & Monocytes

Question 10

What population typically has a higher WBC count?

Answer 10

Children under the age of two (they haven’t had time to build up a proper immune system.

Question 11

Compromises 55-70% of total WBC count.

Answer 11

Neutrophils

Question 12

The condition of having an elevated neutrophil & WBC count.

Answer 12

Neutrophilia

Question 13

Charachterized by 2-4 lobes

Answer 13

Neutrophils

Question 14

Plays a central role in inflammatory processes and is the first wave of cells invading sites of infection

Answer 14

Neutrophils

Question 15

Increase when associated with allergic conditions and parasitic infections.

Answer 15

Eosinophils (eosinophilia)

Question 16

WBC with purple granules which are superimposed over the nucleus

Answer 16

Basophils

Question 17

We know that they synthesize and store histamine and heparin. May increase with allergic conditions

Answer 17

Basophils

Question 18

Typical folded, lobulated nucleus and a round glass appearance to the cytoplasm.

Answer 18

Monocytes

Question 19

What type of lymphocytes are a part of the antibody producing process?

Answer 19

B-Lymphocytes

Question 20

Granules are large and stain more intensely than other WBCs

Answer 20

Eosinophils

Question 21

______ represent the “cellular arm” of the immune response and may attack foreign cells, cancer cells and cells infected by e.g. a virus.

Answer 21

T-Lymphocytes

Question 22

What type of white blood cell may increase in chronic infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, MDS, and leukemia?

Answer 22

Monocytes

Question 23

What commonly prescribed medication will drastically elevate a WBC count?

Answer 23

Steroids

Question 24

What could cause the WBC count to be elevated?

Answer 24

Infection

Question 25

Where is venipuncture typically performed?

Answer 25

antecubital fossa

Question 26

What could cause a decrease in WBC count?

Answer 26

Marrow failure or Marrow Neoplasm

Question 27

ANC

Answer 27

Absolute Neutrophil Count

Question 28

What are bands?

Answer 28

Immature WBCs

Question 29

How do you calculate ANC

Answer 29

WBC x (Neutrophil % + band %)

Question 30

A patient with an ANC level of less than ______ is considered severely immunocompromised

Answer 30

1,000

Question 31

How could Eating, physical activity and stress effect the WBC count?

Answer 31

Increase

Question 32

__-Lymphocytes compromise ~90% of our lymphocytes and __-Lymphocytes compromise ~5%

Answer 32

T-Lymphocytes / B-Lymphocytes

Question 33

How could pregnancy (final month) and labor effect the WBC count?

Answer 33

Increase

Question 34

WBC counts tend to be ____ in the morning and ____ in the afternoon

Answer 34

Lower / Higher

Question 35

Newborns & Infants tend to have a ________ WBC count

Answer 35

Higher

Question 36

Inflammation can often _______ WBC count

Answer 36

Increase

Question 37

Name some medications that can increase the WBC count.

Answer 37

Steroids, Adrenaline, Allopurinol, ASA (Aspirin), and Epinephrine

Question 38

Name some medications that can decrease the WBC count.

Answer 38

Antibiotics, anticonvulsants, barbiturates, chemotherapy, antipsychotics, and diuretics

Question 39

Who may not develop an elevated WBC even in the presence of a severe infection?

Answer 39

The elderly

Question 40

The term for a decreased WBC count

Answer 40

Leukopenia

Question 41

Abnormal or malignant white cells (blasts) that originate in the bone marrow and then circulate in the blood stream, which can then invade other organs.

Answer 41

Leukemic Neoplasms

Question 42

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

Answer 42

120 Days

Question 43

Where is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 43

Kidney

Question 44

Where are RBCs broken down?

Answer 44

Spleen

Question 45

Cells are Biconcave with no nucleus except for immature cells

Answer 45

RBCs

Question 46

What is MCV?

Answer 46

Mean corpuscular volume (average size of the red blood cell)

Question 47

Excessive RBC count is defined as

Answer 47

Erythocytosis

Question 48

Someone with a RBC count that is greater than 10% below normal would be diagnosed with __________.

Answer 48

Anemia

Question 49

What does Hematocrit measure?

Answer 49

(PCV) Packed cell volume it is the % of total blood volume made up of RBCs

Question 50

What is the rule of threes?

Answer 50

Hct = 3 x Hgb

Question 51

What could cause an decrease in the RBC count?

Answer 51

Hemorrhage

Question 52

What could cause a increase in the RBC count?

Answer 52

Hemo-concentration

Question 53

Hemo-dilution typically occurs in

Answer 53

pregnancy

Question 54

What is the formula for calculating MCV?

Answer 54

Hct x 10 / RBC

Question 55

What is MCH?

Answer 55

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN

Question 56

What does mean corpuscular hemoglobin measure?

Answer 56

Reflects average amount (weight) of Hgb in each RBC

Question 57

How do you calculate MCH?

Answer 57

HGB / RBC

Question 58

What is MCHC?

Answer 58

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION (MCHC)

Question 59

What does MCHC measure?

Answer 59

Average concentration of HGB in an RBC

Question 60

How do you calculate MCHC?

Answer 60

HGB / HCT

Question 61

What is RDW?

Answer 61

Red cell distribution width

Question 62

What does RDW measure?

Answer 62

Indicates cell size variability, determining bone marrow function and evaluation of erythropoietic activity, classification of anemias...

Question 63

What would a high or low RDW tell you?

Answer 63

If you have a high RDW, it tells you the bone marrow is cranking out RBC's and that the marrow is responding to something (anemia or pregnancy). By the same token you if RDW is low than the bone marrow is not producing RBCs as it should.

Question 64

Considerable variation in size of cells

Answer 64

Anisocytosis

Question 65

Immature RBCs are called

Answer 65

Retics

Question 66

What is the single best test to determine the bone marrow response to anemia?

Answer 66

Reticulocyte count

Question 67

How long does it take a retic to mature?

Answer 67

2 days

Question 68

A low reticulocyte count could indicate what?

Answer 68

No bone marrow response

Question 69

What could cause a high reticulocyte count?

Answer 69

The bone marrow is trying to compensate for anemia or blood loss

Question 70

A test that complements RBC indices and RDW

Answer 70

Examination of a Peripheral Smear

Question 71

Abnormally shaped RBCs

Answer 71

Poikilocytosis

Question 72

A blood disorder passed down through families (inherited) in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin

Answer 72

Thalassemia

Question 73

When might you see Burr cells in a sample?

Answer 73

Uremia

Question 74

Molecular defect in one or more of the proteins of the red blood cell cytoskeleton. They also have a high osmotic fragility they are more likely to burst than normal red blood cells. These cells are more prone to physical degradation.

Answer 74

Spherocytes (seen in Acquired immunohemolytic anemia)

Question 75

Formed by damage to the hemoglobin component molecules

Answer 75

Heinz Bodies

Question 76

Heinz bodies are typically seen in

Answer 76

Alpha Thalassemia (disorder that reduces the production of hemoglobin)

Question 77

When would you typically see Howell-Jolly Bodies

Answer 77

Myelodsyplasia

Question 78

When would you see Basophilic Stippling?

Answer 78

Lead poisoning

Question 79

Another name for Helmet cells

Answer 79

Schistocytes

Question 80

When would you see Schistocytes in the blood?

Answer 80

Artificial valve

Question 81

Formed in marrow from megakaryocytes

Answer 81

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 82

Where are thrombocytes stored?

Answer 82

Some are stored in the liver & spleen although most freely circulate

Question 83

What is the life span of a thrombocyte?

Answer 83

7-9 Days

Question 84

When might you see thrombocytopenia?

Answer 84

Reduction in production: marrow failure

Question 85

When might you see Thrombocytosis?

Answer 85

Fe deficiency anemia

Question 86

The rate at which RBCs settle in saline solution or plasma over a specified amount of time

Answer 86

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Question 87

A test that can help determine if anemia or leukocytosis is related to inflammation or chronic disease states

Answer 87

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Question 88

What are critical hematocrit levels?

Answer 88

60%

Question 89

How do you calculate reticular index?

Answer 89

Retic % x ( Pt's HCT/nl hematocrit)

Question 90

What is the largest WBC?

Answer 90

Monocyte