CBT and psychoanalytic therapy

Question 1

what is cognitive behavioural therapy?

Answer 1

A psychotherapy that combines the principles of cognitive and behaviourist perspectives, it focuses on changing people’s thoughts, emotions and behaviour

Question 2

What does CBT stand for?

Answer 2

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Question 3

What is the main focus of CBT?

Answer 3

Changing people’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviours

Question 4

What theoretical principle proposes that thoughts shape our behaviour and emotions?

Answer 4

Cognitive theoretical principles

Question 5

What are cognitive distortions? Provide examples.

Answer 5

• Overgeneralization
• Catastrophizing
• Filtering
• Personalization
• Dichotomous thinking
• Discounting
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Mind reading

Question 6

what does the behaviourist perspective propose about behaviour?

Answer 6

We learn from the environment and the environment shapes our behaviour. Mental disorders arise from when people learn dysfunctional behaviours from the environment

Question 7

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 7

Learning through association. Associating 2 stimuli together to produce a response

Question 8

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 8

A learning process where behaviors are influenced by consequences

Question 9

List the aims of CBT.

Answer 9

• Develop more accurate and useful cognitions
• Confront fears/avoidance behaviours
• Increase rewarding experiences/activities
• Develop new skills

Question 9

what is observational learning?

Answer 9

learning behaviours from watchinng others

Question 10

Name three disorders CBT is used to treat.

Answer 10

• Depressive disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• PTSD

Question 11

What is cognitive restructuring?

Answer 11

The identification of distorted thoughts and replacement with functional thoughts

Question 12

What is reattribution in CBT?

Answer 12

Challenges the accuracy of people’s cause and effect attributions and encourages consideration of alternative attributions

Question 13

How effective is CBT for anxiety disorders?

Answer 13

High levels of effectiveness identified

Question 14

What is CBT-E?

Answer 14

An enhanced form of CBT for the treatment of eating disorders

Question 15

List the stages of CBT-E.

Answer 15

• Stage 1: Assessment
• Stage 2: Introducing cognitive behavioural approaches
• Stage 3: Cognitive restructuring
• Stage 4: Relapse prevention
• Stage 5: Follow-up

Question 16

What are some strengths of CBT?

Answer 16

• Clearly defined techniques and goals
• Empirical evidence of effectiveness
• Suitable for children and adolescents
• Flexible treatment options
• Shorter-term treatment

Question 17

What are some limitations of CBT?

Answer 17

• Requires concentration and motivation
• May overlook important maladaptive thoughts
• Ethical issues regarding individual focus

Question 18

What is a significant research gap identified in CBT studies?

Answer 18

Lack of studies targeting specific subgroups like ethnic minorities and low-income groups

Question 19

What does psychoanalytic therapy focus on?

Answer 19

The impact of the unconscious mind on behaviour

Question 20

Name the three components of Freud’s model of the mind.

Answer 20

• Id
• Ego
• Superego

Question 21

What is free association in psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer 21

Individual freely discusses whatever thoughts, feelings, or images come to mind

Question 22

What technique is used to monitor resistance in psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer 22

Interpretation of Resistance

Question 23

what does the cognitive perspective think about mental disorder?

Answer 23

mental disorders are caused by distorted cognitions

Question 24

how does the perception of events contribute to mental disorders?

Answer 24

how people feel is determined by the way in which they interpret situations rather than by the situation

Question 25

what are the three levels of cognition?

Answer 25

core beliefs, dysfunctional assumptions and negative automatic thoughts

Question 26

what are core beliefs?

Answer 26

Core beliefs are deeply held beliefs about the self, the world and the future, learned early in life, influenced by childhood experiences

Question 27

what are negative automatic thoughts?

Answer 27

Thoughts that are activated in certain sitautions involuntary

Question 28

what are dysfunctional assumptions?

Answer 28

strict and unrealistic rules people follow, which can be harmful

Question 29

what is exposure therapy

Answer 29

expose individual to their fear until the anxiety peaks and declines, no gradual exposure

Question 30

what is response shaping?

Answer 30

adaptive behaviours are increased and maladaptive behaviours are decreased by using reinforcemebt schedules target behaviours are identified and the nearest approximation to target behaviours are reinforced

Question 31

what do defense mechanisms do?

Answer 31

keep urges, memories in the unconscious to protect the mind from pain tactics include repression,denial etc

Question 32

what is modelling?

Answer 32

the client observes desired behaviours being modelled, the therapist and client may engage in role play

Question 33

what did the review of meta analyses of the effectiveness of cbt find?

Answer 33

bipolar disorder: effective when combined with other approaces schizophrenia: more effective at dealing with positive symptoms highly effective for anxiety disorders, ocd and ptsd

Question 34

what is family therapy?

Answer 34

Therapeutice interventions which are focused on the family context and relationships

Question 35

what is the theoretical principle behind family therapy?

Answer 35

Systems theory: People should not be viewed as isolated individuals but as part of a wider system. * Families are systems of interconnected individuals which adopt patterns of behaviour informed by rules and roles. * Circular causality * Homeostasis/Equilibrium

Question 36

what is structural family therapy?

Answer 36

Focuses on familial interactions which define the structure of the family, Emphasis is placed on hierarchies, roles and boundaries within familial subsystems (parental, spousal and sibling

Question 37

what is a technique used in family therapy?

Answer 37

Joining

Question 38

what is joining?

Answer 38

the therapists joins the family in a leadership role, makes contact with each family member, to bring about change in the system

Question 39

what is the aim of psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer 39

The aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to bring repressed conflicts and impulses from the unconscious to the conscious and enable these to be resolved.