Obsessive compulsive disorder Flashcards
(20 cards)
what is ocd
it is characterised by the presence of obsessions and or compulsive disorders
what are obsessions according to the dsm 5?
Recurrent and persistent, thoughts,images and urges that the person experiences are unwanted and cause the person extreme distress or anxiety and the person attempts to get rid of these thoughts, images or urges by performing an action or thinking about something else( compulsion)
what are compulsions according to the dsm 5?
repetitive behaviour(handwashing) or mental acts (praying) that a person feels they have to do in response to an obsession or to a rigid rule that must be applied
the behaviours are to reduce the anxiety or distress caused by the obsession or to prevent some terrible event they think may happen, however these behaviours cannot have any effect on what they want to neutralise
dsm 5 criteria
obsessions
compulsions
both are time consuming and cause distress
How is ocd identified instead of other disorders?
the symptoms are not caused by physiological substances or a different medical condtion
How do you know its not another disorder?
The symtoms arent better explained by a different disorder, such as excessive worries in generalised anxiety disorder,preoccupation with body as in body dysmorphic disorders
what is a specifier of OCD?
individuals with ocd vary in the degree of insight they have about the accuracy of beliefs that underline their obsessive compulsive symptoms. some have fair insight
what are the types of obsessions
symmetry and exactness
contamination
causing harm
religious and sexual obsessions
what are the types of compulsions?
ordering and counting
arranging
washing and cleaning
repeating
mental rituals
excessive list making
what is the prevalence of ocd?
lifetime prevalence between 1.6-2.5%
what is the average age of onset for ocd
19 years old
what age do a quarter of males get onset?
10
comorbidity with other disorders
high rate of comorbidity with depression and anxiety
what childhood factors affect risk of developing ocd?
childhood maltreatment
is there a genetic link with OCD?
more likely to get it with family history
how do neurotransmitters relate to OCD?
low level of serotonin
How has OCD changed in the dsm 5?
Used to be part of anxiety disorder, now in new category with other disorder such as trichotillomania, hoarding disorder and body dysmorphic disorder, the obsessive compulsive disorders
How does quality of life relate to OCD?
Low quality of life, large treatment gap,between those who get treatment and need it
How can you support and empower people with OCD?
Being empathetic: understand that obsessions and compulsions arent in the person’s control
Encourage the person to receive treatment such as CBT, CBT has been seen as useful in helping people with ocd
Provide information booklet about ocd
EDUCATE them and their family about ocd to reduce stigma
why can you not provide reassurance to people with OCD?
while giving reassurance temporarily soothes the anxiety of the person, it reinforces the symptoms of ocd such as anxiety,it strengthens link between anxiety and need to get reassurance, and reinforces compulsive behaviour
