CC AND AUBF

Question 1

This is essential to avoid hemolysis

Answer 1

clean stick

Question 2

if serum is required for sample prep, the sample will need to what? and for how many minutes?

Answer 2

clot first

Question 3

if plasma is desired for sample prep, the sample will need to be what?

Answer 3

centrifuged immediately

Question 4

a full chemistry profile performed on serum or
plasma requires how many volume of blood?

Answer 4

2-3 mL

Question 5

how many mL of blood should be enough for full
analysis in venipuncture?

Answer 5

2 to 3 mL

Question 6

• EDTA contamination will result to?
• Potassium EDTA contamination will result to?

Answer 6

• decreased calcium
• elevated potassium

Question 7

What is the volume of a visual hemolysis?

Answer 7

20 mg/dL

Question 8

Hemolysis can occur in 2 ways, what are those?

Answer 8

1. In vivo (inside the patient)
2. In vitro (outside of the patient)

Question 9

This results in release of hemoglobin in the serum

Answer 9

Lysis of RBC

Question 10

What breeds of dogs have higher levels of potassium within erythrocytes so hemolysis can result in an elevation in potassium

Answer 10

Horses and Akita breed type of dog

Question 11

what is the presence of excess lipid or fat in the blood?

Answer 11

Lipemia

Question 12

Lipemic samples can be refrigerated for _____ hours, the lipid component will rise to the top and the serum can be aspirated below the lipemic layer

Answer 12

12–24 hours

Question 13

this indicates a deep yellow color in response to elevated bilirubin.

Answer 13

Icterus

Question 14

What test is for the total plasma protein?

Answer 14

Refractometry method

Question 15

How do you compute for globulin?

Answer 15

Total serum protein − albumin

Question 16

it is an acute phase protein that can be measured in plasma but not serum.

Answer 16

Fibrinogen

Question 17

What binding assay binds to albumin and produces a color complex?

Answer 17

Bromcresol green (BCG)

Question 18

it is a nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidney

Answer 18

Urea or BUN

Question 19

what is a common method used to detect
urea concentration?

Answer 19

Serum chemistry

Question 20

It is a reagent strip impregnated with urease
bromothyomol blue and coated with a membrane that
is permeable to urea but not blood?

Answer 20

Azostix

Question 21

is a nonprotein source of nitrogen, where it is excreted?

Answer 21

Creatinine via kidney through GFR

Question 22

What is azotemia?

Answer 22

Excess urea

Question 23

This can occur in dogs, cats, and ruminants with chronic renal failure

Answer 23

Hypocalcemia

Question 24

True or False: If the hepatocytes are damaged, the
enzyme levels will increase in the blood.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Enzymes located within the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes

Answer 25

Cytosolic enzymes

Question 26

This enzyme is used primarily in dogs and cats to evaluate hepatocellular damage. Very liver specific

Answer 26

Alanine amonitransferase (ALT)

Question 27

a cytosolic enzyme found not only in liver but also in muscle.

Answer 27

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Question 28

Liver specific enzyme for all species but used more commonly in horses and cattle.

Answer 28

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH)

Question 29

This enzyme is membrane bound and its release into the serum is inducible by drugs and bile salts

Answer 29

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 30

The renal threshold varies considerably in different species: o Cat ≈ o Dog ≈ o Horse ≈ o Cow ≈

Answer 30

Cat - 280 mg/dL Dog - 180 mg/dL Horse - 160 mg/dL Cow - 100 mg/dL

Question 31

Half life of CALP in cats and dogs time?

Answer 31

6 hours;72 hours

Question 32

What test and animals for? ● Serum is used for this test. ● The patient should be fasted for at least 8 hours. A preprandial BA sample is drawn and placed in a red top tube or serum separator tube. ● The patient is then fed a fairly high fat meal. ● Two hours after the meal, a postprandial BA sample is drawn and placed in a red top or serum separator tube. ● In a normal liver, the majority of the BAs should be removed from circulation in less than 2 hours

Answer 32

Bile acid test in dogs and cats

Question 33

a sugar that is used as an energy source for cellular metabolism.

Answer 33

Glucose

Question 34

To perform an ear prick, shave a small area on the patient’s ear, wipe with alcohol and with a ______ gauge needle

Answer 34

22 or 23 gauge needle

Question 35

Stress (cortisol mediated) and fear (epinephrine mediated) can result in

Answer 35

transient hyperglycemia and glucosuria

Question 36

excited or scared cats can exceed ____ mg/dL resulting in a transient glucosuria

Answer 36

280 mg/dL

Question 37

the most common glycated protein used in veterinary medicine

Answer 37

Fructosamine

Question 38

Fructosamine is bound to albumin and the half-life of albumin is

Answer 38

1-2 weeks

Question 39

What is the ideal Free catch/voided sample collection because this will limit contamination from the patient?

Answer 39

Mid-stream collection

Question 40

This method is no longer recommended unless urine cannot be collected by any other method. Traumatic.

Answer 40

Manual expression

Question 41

method to collect urine for diagnostic testing and can also be used to relieve urinary obstruction and as a method to measure urinary output.

Answer 41

Urinary catheterization

Question 42

best for collecting urine for culture

Answer 42

Cystocentesis

Question 43

Color • Normal urine is yellow: • Red urine: • Dark yellow to brown: • Reddish brown:

Answer 43

1. urochrome and urobilin 2. red blood cells or hemoglobin 3. indicates bilirubin 4. due to hemoglobin or myoglobin

Question 44

can be detected in normal feline urine but in other species, this odor may be suggestive of liver disease

Answer 44

Ammonia

Question 45

most common method of determining the functioning capacity of the nephrons.

Answer 45

Urine concentration: Urine - specific gravity

Question 47

ratio of the weight of a volume of urine compared to the weight of the same volume of pure water

Answer 47

Urine-specific gravity

Question 48

- specific gravity of water: - USG of urine: - In cats, the USG is:

Answer 48

1. 1.000 2. 1.001-1.065 3. as high as 1.080

Question 49

Hyposthenuria indicates that the USG is quite low, range of:

Answer 49

1.008-1.012

Question 50

term used to indicate an elevated USG and may occur if the patient is dehydrated

Answer 50

Hypersthenuria

Question 51

1. is a term used to indicate an increase in urine volume. 2. is used to describe decreased urine production 3. indicates that the patient is producing almost no urine and is always associated with disease

Answer 51

1. Polyuria 2. Oliguria 3. Anuria

Question 52

Normal urine is negative. ● The test pad will turn purple when positive for ketones. A red, pink, or brown color change is not indicative of a positive test result

Answer 52

Ketones

Question 53

- often reddish brown and clear and the color will not change with centrifugation. The plasma is also red in these patients - is more brownish; however, can look very similar to hemoglobinuria and also will not clear with centrifugation.

Answer 53

1. Hemoglobinuria 2. Myoglobinuria