VET TECH PT 1

Question 1

It evaluates disease in
animals using laboratory data collected
during analysis of blood, urine, body
fluids, and tissue aspirates

Answer 1

Clinical pathology

Question 2

an important tool for analysis
of blood smears, fecal samples, and urine
sediment samples.

Answer 2

Microscope

Question 3

What is the most commonly used
microscope in a veterinary clinic?

Answer 3

Upright Binocular light microscope

Question 4

are designed to spin a rotor, which holds the
samples, at a specific set speed measured in revolutions per minute (rpm)

Answer 4

Centrifuge

Question 5

T or F: The length of the rotor arm varies in different
centrifuges.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T or F: s. The length of the rotor arm and speed of the
spin determine the gravitation force that a sample is subjected to

Answer 6

True

Question 7

When should you examine centrifuge rotors?

Answer 7

Yearly

Question 8

What are the 2 common type of rotors?

Answer 8

• Fixed
• Swinging bucket

Question 9

It is a specialized chamber with a small precise grid used to perform manual cell counts when cells are suspended in a
liquid medium

Answer 9

Hemocytometer

Question 10

Add _____ of well-mixed sample fluid onto each side of the hemocytometer

Answer 10

10 μL or 0.01 ml

Question 11

Allow the cells to settle by incubating the hemocytometer for __ minutes in a petri dish containing a wet piece of absorbent
paper

Answer 11

10 minutes

Question 12

In using the microscope with the condenser lowered, determine the average number of cells present in ____ grid section on
the hemocytometer

Answer 12

1-mm

Question 13

It is an analytical method that correlates the
degree of light refraction (refractive index) in a liquid with the amount of solids in the liquid

Answer 13

Refractometry

Question 14

The first step in using this is lift the clear lid and fill it with liquid.

Answer 14

Refractometer

Question 15

allows user to keep track of the cell types observed and the total number of cells examined on a sample slide.

Answer 15

differential cell counter

Question 16

The counters of diff cell counter are set to indicate when __ cells are tallied.

Answer 16

100

Question 17

For blood smears and cytology samples, ______ stains are used most commonly.

Answer 17

Romanowski-type

Question 18

The most common stains used in veterinary practices are

Answer 18

• Romanowski-type
• New methylene blue (NMB)

Question 19

What is the staining procedure for Diff-Quik?

Answer 19

● Repeatedly dip a dried in and out of the first staining solution 10–12 times.
● Repeatedly dip the sample in and out
of the second staining solution 10
times.
● Repeatedly dip the sample in and out
of the third staining solution 8-10 times.
● Rinse the slide in deionized water to
remove excess stain.
● Allow the slide to air dry and then
examine the sample microscopically

Question 20

What is the staining procedure for NMB?

Answer 20

● Mix equal amounts of NMB and
blood (or other fluid sample) together in a test tube
● Incubate for 5–10 minutes.
● Prepare a smear of the NMB/sample mixture and allow it to air dry.
● Examine the smear microscopically.

Question 21

Need to be precleaned before packaging to avoid glass shards and greasy substances that accumulate on the slide during the manufacturing process

Answer 21

Glass slides

Question 22

needed for wet-mount preparations of fluid samples

Answer 22

Cover slips

Question 23

collect serum; also known as serum separator tubes

Answer 23

Striped-red
Gray-topped

Question 24

collect serum; does not contain anticoagulant

Answer 24

Red-topped

Question 25

collect whole blood; contains ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA);

Answer 25

Purple-topped

Question 26

collect plasma; contains lithium heparin

Answer 26

Green-topped

Question 27

contain 3.2% sodium citrate; dilutes the blood sample by 10%

Answer 27

Blue-topped

Question 28

a diagnostic test panel that provides clinicians with a large amount of information about a patient’s peripheral blood parameters.

Answer 28

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Question 29

Plasma comprises approximately __% of the totaal blood volume

Answer 29

55%

Question 30

What are plasma's 3 components?

Answer 30

91.5% water 7% proteins 1.5% other molecules

Question 31

for transportation of cells and nutrients throughout the body, excretion of by-products and waste, maintenance of homeostasis via stabilization of pH and body temperature.

Answer 31

Plasma

Question 32

1. What isthe color of Plasma from cats and dogs? 2. from horses? 3. from cattles?

Answer 32

1. clear/colorless 2. clear/light yellow 3. clear/pale yellow

Question 33

Cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) comprise approximately __% of total blood volume

Answer 33

45%

Question 34

Blood cells have a limited life span and are continually being produced by a process called?

Answer 34

hematopoiesis

Question 35

it measure the electrical impedance that occurs when cells pass through detection electrodes

Answer 35

Impedance counters

Question 36

it direct cells through the PATH of a laser beam. They detect the amount of light absorbed by the cell and the amount of light scatter that the cell creates as it passes through.

Answer 36

Flow cytometers

Question 37

they are the predominant cell type in the peripheral blood and originate in the bone marrow

Answer 37

RBC

Question 38

process of erythrocyte maturation is called ____, while another type of this process requires production of erythropoietiin called _____?

Answer 38

1. Erythropoiesis 2. Adequate erythropoiesis

Question 39

first identifiable immature form of an RBC

Answer 39

Rubriblast

Question 40

cytoplasm is slightly less basophilic than a rubriblast; round nucleus but lack a nucleolus

Answer 40

rubricytes

Question 41

also called as nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs)

Answer 41

Metarubricytes

Question 42

combination of blue and red staining in these cells, they commonly are called polychromatophils

Answer 42

Reticulocytes

Question 43

small, biconcave, eosinophilic cells that LACK a nucleus. They contain a large amount of hemoglobin (Hb) that contributes to the red coloration of RBCs.

Answer 43

Mature RBC

Question 44

The diameter of a mature canine RBC is approximately _____, which is large enough to appreciate central pallor in canine RBCs

Answer 44

7.0 mm

Question 45

measured after centrifugation of whole blood and indicates the percentage of the blood volume composed of cells

Answer 45

PCV - Packed Cell Volume

Question 46

percentage of the blood volume that is composed of erythrocytes

Answer 46

Hematocrit

Question 47

measured by colorimetric techniques or by determining the optical density of oxyhemoglobin in the sample

Answer 47

Hemoglobin

Question 48

1. Is measured **directly** by automated cell counters 2. A measurement of RBC hemoglobin content that **corrects for RBC volume** 3. The average amount of **Hb in RBCs.** 4. It indicates the **degree of anisocytosis** (size difference) in RBCs.

Answer 48

1. Mean corpuscular/cell volume (MCV) 2. Mean corpuscular/cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 3. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 4. Red cell distribution width (RDW)

Question 49

1. Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs 2. Denatured and precipitated Hb that are caused by oxidative damage to the RBC 3. The most common type of poikilocyte in a peripheral blood smear 4. RBCs with irregular spicules

Answer 49

1. Howell–Jolly bodies 2. Heinz bodies 3. Echinocytes 4. Acanthocytes

Question 50

1. RBC fragments that indicate the RBCs have been sheared by intravascular fibrin or turbulent blood flow 2. rounded RBCs with a normal MCV but a smaller appearance on a blood smear 3. RBCs with Hb condensed to one side of the cell 4. Contain a torn vesicle to one side of the RBC

Answer 50

1. Schistocytes 2. Spherocytes 3. Eccentrocytes 4. Keratocytes

Question 51

1. Pale remnants of RBCs that are lysed within blood vessels during intravascular hemolysis 2. Thin RBCs with an increased area of central pallor 3. Leptocytes that look like a target with Hb around the cell edges and at the center of the cell 4. Have a thick ring of Hb around the edges of the RBC and an oval area of central pallor

Answer 51

1. Ghost cells 2. Leptocytes 3. Target cells 4. Stomatocytes

Question 52

1. the term for differences in cell size 2. Is the term for cells that stain with both basophilic and eosinophilic dyes 3. Dense aggregates of residual RNA remain in immature RBCs 4. RBCs that contain basophilic inclusions consistent with iron

Answer 52

1. Anisocytosis 2. Polychromasia 3. Basophilic stippling 4. Siderocytes