CC: Urolithiasis in Dogs Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in CC: Urolithiasis in Dogs Deck (12)
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1
Q

What is wrong with Domino?

A

He has a huge rock in his cock.

2
Q

What drug did the doctors use to treat his E. Coli infection that we have discussed?

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole combination for treatment of urinary tract infection

3
Q

How did they treat the blockage in the urethra?

A

Retrograde urohydropropulsion

4
Q

What kind of stones did he have?

A

Ammonium Acid Urate

5
Q

How did they treat Domino after discovering the stones were Ammonium Acid Urate?

A

Allopurinol - inhibit Xanthine Oxidase to prevent Uric Acid formation

U/D diet - low purine diet to prevent excessive Uric Acid formation (all purines are metabolized to uric acid)

6
Q

What is wrong with Dalmatians?

A

SLC2A9 gene autosomal recessive mutation

All dalmatians are homozygous.

Dalmatians have hyperuricaria.

Dalmatians are predisposed to urate uroliths due to supersaturation of urine

7
Q

What was wrong with Molly, the schnauzer?

A

Pollakiuria

She also had Ammonium Acid Urate Stones

Anemic, low BUN, high Pre- and Post-prandial Bile Acids –> PSS!!!

She can’t properly metabolize Uric Acid nor NH3

8
Q

How can one get Uric Acid stones?

A
Either High Uric Acid
              OR
    High Ammonia
              OR
           BOTH!!
9
Q

How do PSS cause Urate Stones?

A

Bypassing hepatocytes:
decreased conversion of ammonia to Urea
decreased conversion of uric acid to Allantoin
results in excess secretion of each

Acidic urine:
decreases uric acid Solubility
donates proton to ammonia

PSS

10
Q

What are treatments for PSS?

A

Low purine diet/alkalinizing diet
Allopurinol
Alkalinize urine if pH is low

11
Q

What are two common causes of Urate Stones?

A

PSS

Genetic metabolic defect–> Dalmatians SLC2A9 Gene

12
Q

Can urate stones be deadly?

A

YES!!! Blocking the urinary system can cause backup and eventual renal failure –> Death!