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CCNP Switch > CCNP switch slides 15 > Flashcards

CCNP switch slides 15 Flashcards

1
Q

source

A

http://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/430735/CCNP-SWITCH-642-813-Advanced-Spanning-Tree-Security/

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2
Q

What is the IEEE standard for RSTP?

A

802.1w

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3
Q

How do you enable/disable BPDU filtering on a per-port basis?

A

(if)spanning-tree bpdufilter [enable, disable]

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4
Q

What is the IEEE standard for MST?

A

802.1s

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5
Q

What does BPDU guard do to a switchport?

A

If a BPDU is received on a port with BPDU guard, it is immediately placed into the errDisabled state.

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6
Q

What does BPDU filtering do?

A

It effectively disables STP on a switchport.

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7
Q

Can a switch run both MST and PVST+ at the same time?

A

No! MST relies on the RSTP configuration to operate, and therefor, cannot use PVST+.

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8
Q

What does Loop Guard do to switch ports?

A

It monitors BPDU activity on non-designated ports. When BPDUs go missing, Loop Guard moved the port into a loop-inconsistent state. When BPDUs are received again, the port progresses automatically through the STP states and becomes active.

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9
Q

Are the following configuration combinations permissible on a switch port?Root guard and UDLD

A

Permissible!

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10
Q

RSTP uses what BPDU version?

A

version 2.

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11
Q

What is a Cisco proprietary method to detect or prevent the unexpected loss of BPDUs?

A

Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD).

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12
Q

How many MSTIs can exist in a single MST region?

A
  1. The IST is always MSTI 0, and that leaves MSTI 1-15 open for use.
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13
Q

What type of message does RSTP send when negotiating convergence?

A

It sends a proposal!

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14
Q

Are the following configuration combinations permissible on a switch port?Root guard and BPDU guard

A

NOT-Permissible!

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15
Q

What is the relationship between PortFast and BPDU guard?

A

All ports with PortFast have BPDU guard enabled by default.

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16
Q

How does UDLD work to protect STP?

A

It sends a special UDLD frame to the other end of a link, and that link replies to it to ensure that a link is truly bi-directional.

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17
Q

How can you globally enable BPDU filtering on all PortFast ports?

A

(config)spanning-tree portfast bpdufilter default

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18
Q

In RSTP, non-edge ports begin in what RSTP state?

A

The RSTP discarding state.

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19
Q

What does RSTP assume with regard to duplex settings?

A

That full-duplex links are Point-to-Point and half-duplex links fall back to CST.

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20
Q

When should STP Root Guard be used?

A

On switchports where you never expect to find the root bridge for any VLAN.

21
Q

Within MST what is an IST?

A

Internal Spanning Tree, it is a locally significant CST bounded by the edges of the MST region.

22
Q

In RSTP how often are BPDUs exchanged?

A

The default hello timer in RSTP is 2 seconds.

23
Q

What does the ‘spanning-tree link-type point-to-point’ command accomplish?

A

It forces a RSTP port to be point-to-point regardless of duplex settings.

24
Q

When running MST, all switches must have what three identical attributes to be considered in the same region?

A

The same MST configuration name, revision number, and instance-to-VLAN mapping table.

25
Q

What two STP features help detect or prevent the unexpected loss of BPDUs?

A

Loop Guard, and Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD).

26
Q

What ports should BPDU guard never be enabled on?

A

Switch uplinks where the root bridge is located.

27
Q

Are the following configuration combinations permissible on a switch port?Root guard and Loop guard

A

NOT-Permissible!

28
Q

What happens when a BPDU is received on a port with Root Guard configured?

A

It is placed in the blocking state, with a root-inconsistent state.

29
Q

What are the 5 states a port can have after convergence in STP?

A

Root port, Designated port, Blocking port, Alternate port, and Forwarding port.

30
Q

How does UDLD work on EtherChannel ports?

A

It exchanges and echos messages on each link independently.

31
Q

In MST, by default, what VLANs are mapped to the IST (MSTI 0)?

A

All of the VLANs are mapped to the IST by default. You must explicitly map them to another MSTI if needed.

32
Q

Are the following configuration combinations permissible on a switch port?Loop Guard and UDLD

A

Permissible!

33
Q

How to other MSTIs receive BPDU information in MST?

A

The MST BPDU is sent on the IST (MSTI 0) with a special M-Record appended to the BPDU.

34
Q

What are the 2 modes of UDLD operation?

A

Normal and Aggressive.-Normal: When a unidirectional link is detected, it is still allowed to continue its operation, it marks the port as having an undetermined state, and generates a syslog message. -Aggressive: The port is placed in the errDisabled state after 8 UDLD messages sent one second apart.

35
Q

How do you globally enable Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (RPVST+)

A

(config)spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

36
Q

According to RSTP, any port role can have what three possible states?

A

-Discarding, incoming frames are dropped, no MACs are learned.-Learning, only MACs are learned.-Forwarding, frames are forwarded according to learned frames.

37
Q

What are the 5-steps to configuring MST on a single switch?

A
  1. spanning-tree mode mst2. spanning-tree mst configuration3. name NAME4. revision #####5. instance #ID# vlan #LIST#
38
Q

Where must you configure UDLD for it to work?

A

on both ends of the link.

39
Q

Can RSTP coexist on a network with CST?

A

Yes, each versions BPDUs are compatible.

40
Q

Give a quick explanation of where the following STP configurations should be used: Root guard, BPDU guard, Loop guard, UDLD.

A

-Root guard, Apply to ports where root is never expected.-BPDU guard, apply to all ports that have PortFast enabled.-Loop guard, Apply to non-designated ports, but ok to apply to all ports.-UDLD, Apply to both sides of all fiber links.

41
Q

Even though loop-guard is configured on switch ports, it action is taken on a per-_____ basis.

A

per VLAN!

42
Q

When does RSTP detect a topology change?

A

When a non-edge port transitions to the forwarding state.

43
Q

What is the default message interval for UDLD?

A

15 seconds.

44
Q

What are the three types of RSTP ports?

A

-Edge port, where only a single host connects.-Root port, has the best cost to the root.-Point-to-point, any port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port.

45
Q

In MST, what MSTI is allowed to send BPDUs?

A

Only the IST, on MSTI 0, us allowed to send BPDUs.

46
Q

What is the IEEE standard for STP?

A

802.1D

47
Q

How does CST work out a loop-free technology with MST?

A

It considers each MST region as a single ‘bridge’

48
Q

When enabled globally, what ports does UDLD effect? How do you enable it?

A

Only Fiber-Optic ports. (config)udld [enable, aggressive, message time ###]

49
Q

If a port is placed in the errDisabled state, what is the only way it can be re-enabled?

A

By being manually re-enabled, or waiting for the errDisabled timeout function.

CCNP Switch (16 decks)

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