CDI-3 Crime Investigation

Question 1

-is an inquiry, judicial or otherwise, for the discovery and collection of facts
concerning the matter or matters involved.
- It is the process of inquiring, eliciting, soliciting and getting vital information/facts/
circumstances in order to establish the truth (PNP, 2011).

Answer 1

Investigation

Question 2

• is an ensemble of methods by which crimes are studied and criminals apprehended. The
  criminal investigator seeks to ascertain the methods, motives, and identities of criminals and
  the identity of victims and may also search for and interrogate witnesses.

Answer 2

Crime investigation

Question 3

It is the lawful, objective, logical search for people for people and things useful in reconstructing the circumstances surrounding the commission of a crime.

Answer 3

Crime investigation

Question 4

• a special study of modern techniques in the investigation of serious and specific crimes including murder, homicide, rape, abortion, robbery, arson, kidnapping. Blackmail carnapping and criminal negligence.

Answer 4

Special crime investigation

Question 5

General Principles of Investigation

Answer 5

Criminal Investigation is the collection of facts to accomplish a three-fold aim (PNP, 2011

Question 6

Three-fold aim

Answer 6

1. To identify the suspect
2. To locate the suspect
3. To provide evidence of his guilt

Question 7

According to the PNP Revised Criminal Investigation Manual (2011), the investigator must seek to
establish the six (6) cardinal points of investigation, namely

Answer 7

1. What specific offense has been committed
2. How the offense was committed
3. Who committed it
4. Where the offense was committed; and
5. Why it was committed

Question 8

is the simple questioning of a person who cooperates with the investigator. In the account of the interview, the witnesses voluntarily give their account about the commission of a crime.

Answer 8

Interview

Question 9

is a form or technique in the conduct of interview upon willing and cooperative witnesses, where they are given the full opportunity to narrate their accounts without interventions,
interruption and interference from the interviewer. After the subject has finished his narration, the investigator now subjects him to the style of direct examination and cross-examination, to clarify the unexplained portions to arrive at a vivid and complete picture of the testimony.

Answer 9

Cognitive interview

Question 10

are also practiced by some investigators whereby after
each question by the investigator, the interviewee is required to answer on what he knows about what
is being asked.

Answer 10

Questions and Answer style of interview

Question 11

Never conduct or let anyone conduct an interview if the interviewer has not gone to the crime scene.”

Answer 11

THE GOLDEN RULE IN INTERVIEW

Question 12

is the relation between the interviewer and the interviewee, which is conducive to a fruitful result

Answer 12

Rapport

Question 13

The appearance of the interviewer and other qualities such as skills of communication techniques or the force of his language are the mainstays of the strength
of his character

Answer 13

Forceful personality

Question 14

His tone of voice must be conversational, not confrontational as in interrogation

Answer 14

Conversational tone of voice

Question 15

He must possess the qualities of an actor, salesman and psychologist and
know how to use the power of persuasion

Answer 15

Acting qualities

Question 16

He must be courteous, sympathetic and humble, ready to ask apologies for the inconvenience of the interview

Answer 16

Humility

Question 17

Witnesses who lack the courage to face the suspect, his associates or
relatives always entertain the fear of reprisal

Answer 17

Fear of reprisal

Question 18

On the part of those of hand-to-mouth existence there is this real
inconvenience, which will deprive them the time to earn for their living especially during the
ordeal of testifying during the trial

Answer 18

Great inconvenience

Question 19

This hatred maybe due to previous bad experience with
rogue members of the police organization

Answer 19

Hatred against the police

Question 20

The witness maybe an acquaintance, friend, helper, or benefactor of
the suspect

Answer 20

Bias of the witness

Question 21

There are witnesses who are shy and they shun publicity that will being discomfort top their ordinary or obscure way of living

Answer 21

Avoidance of publicity

Question 22

Some famous and respected families preserve their reputations by instilling to their members the need of the approval of their elders on matters affecting their families

Answer 22

Family restrictions

Question 23

1. The interviewer should identify himself and the and the agency to which he belongs
   2.He should try to size up the interviewee and reach to tentative conclusion about his type, then
   use the best interview approach
2. He should keep in mind the provisions of law regarding the rights of people under custodial
   investigation

Answer 23

Opening the Interview 

Question 24

The investigator should review the facts at the crime scene and information from other sources in order that he would be ready for the questioning. A background data of
the subject should be available so that he could adapt himself to the kind of approach to be
employed.

Answer 24

Preparation/planning 

Question 25

In planning the interview, the interviewer should consider

Answer 25

a. The facts of the case which have been established so far b. The information needed to complete the picture c. The sources of information that may be consulted such as files and record d. The possibility of confronting the suspect with physical evidence e. The time available for the interview f. The time allowed by law

Question 26

the investigator must carefully select his kind of approach, which maybe a singlekind, combination of two or the application of all techniques

Answer 26

Approach

Question 27

This is done by preliminary or exploratory questions to clear the atmosphere, promote a conducive ground for cordiality, respect and trust for each other.

Answer 27

Warming up

Question 28

The subject now is asked to narrate his account without interruption, intervention or interference. It is only after the completion of the uninterrupted narration that the investigator begins his direct and cross examinations

Answer 28

Cognitive interview

Question 29

Multiple, complex and legalistic questions should be avoided. One question at a time is desired

Answer 29

One question at a time

Question 30

A short simple question at a time is required. If the answer needs qualification, then, it should be allowed. Avoid legalistic questions such as; who is murderer; or who are in conspiracy with the subject

Answer 30

Simplicity of the question

Question 31

Embarrassing questions on the subject on matters of exaggeration or honest errors about time, distance and description can be avoided if the investigator will cooperate with the subject with the subject “to save his face”. the investigator should not fault or ridicule the subject on these matters

Answer 31

Saving faces

Question 32

Do not ask questions which could be answered by yes or no only. will curtail the complete flow of information and will lead to inaccuracy

Answer 32

Yes, and no answer

Question 33

The interviewer should always leave the door open for a re-interview. Don’t forget to say “THANK YOU” after the interview (true or false)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

these are the reluctant type of witness

Answer 34

Know, nothing type

Question 35

This is the uncooperative and indifferent subject

Answer 35

Disinterested type

Question 36

The style of questioning by the investigator should be adapted to the psychology of the subject. When the drunken subject has sobered, another interview will be conducted, confronting him about his disclosures while in the state of drunkenness. The written statement must be taken during his sobriety.

Answer 36

The drunken type

Question 37

These are witnesses who are prone to exaggerate, adding irrelevant or new matters to their narration.

Answer 37

Talkative type

Question 38

These are the truthful and cooperative witnesses where the investigator could rely upon, with little or no problem in handling them

Answer 38

Honest witnesses

Question 39

These are the liar type of witnesses

Answer 39

Deceitful witnesses 

Question 40

They are the shy witnesses. The approach must be friendly and reassuring confidentiality of their information. They should be hidden from the devouring press by interviews or photo sessions

Answer 40

Timid witnesses

Question 41

These are the most difficult subjects to deal with. Find out the reasons of their personality. The cause maybe trauma, shock, fear, hatred and others. Remove these fetters of silence and they will start talking.

Answer 41

Refusal to talk witness

Question 42

the vigorous and confrontational questioning of a reluctant suspect about his participation in a crime; is the process of obtaining an admission or confession from those suspects which means that the suspect is confronted about his participation in the commission in an offense. is the act or process of questioning somebody closely, often in an aggressive manner, especially as part of an official investigation or trial.

Answer 42

Interrogation

Question 43

To find out the truth about the crime ▪ To obtain an admission or confession of guilt from the suspect ▪ To gain all facts in order to determine the method of operation or modus operandi and the circumstances of the crime in question ▪ To collect information that guides investigators to arrive at a logical conclusions

Answer 43

Goals of interrogation

Question 44

this refers to the interrogator keep himself aware on the situation and he must observe and analyze the Interrogee without his knowledge

Answer 44

Planning and preparation

Question 45

in this step, the interrogator should keep in mind to gain rapport with the subject.

Answer 45

Approach

Question 46

This is considered the heart of interrogation. Were all techniques could apply to obtain information from the subject

Answer 46

Questioning

Question 47

this refers to the ending of the interrogation process, and it should end in a friendly manner.

Answer 47

Termination

Question 48

This refers to place in document the result of the interrogation, in this process it is advisable to tape record all conversation

Answer 48

Recording

Question 49

This is the end product of the interrogation

Answer 49

Reporting

Question 50

This is a technique where the investigator, combining his skills of an actor and a psychologist, addresses the suspect with an emotional appeal to confess. Devotees of a religion may belong to this type

Answer 50

Emotional appeal

Question 51

The investigator, in his preliminary or probing questions must dig deep into the past troubles, plight and unfortunate events in the life of the suspect. An offer of help, kindness, friendliness, may win his cooperation

Answer 51

Sympathetic approach

Question 52

A friendly approach coupled with a posture of sincerity may induce the suspect to confess

Answer 52

Friendliness

Question 53

1) The Pretense of Solid Evidence against the accused (2) The weakest link (3) Drama (4) Feigning Contact with family Members (5) The line Up Method (Accused is lined-up among suspects) (6) Reverse Line-up Are example of what approach?

Answer 53

Tricks and bluff techniques

Question 54

Accused is alone and coached witnesses and victims are piled to make accusations against the accused)

Answer 54

Reverse lineup

Question 55

The investigator displays a stern (demands immediate response ) personality towards the suspect

Answer 55

Stern approach

Question 56

In the questioning process, the investigator selects the right moment to shout a pertinent question in an apparent righteous outrage. The suspect’s nerves will break to a confession

Answer 56

Jolting

Question 57

The suspect is given all the opportunities to lie. The suspect is questioned about his personal life, family, friends and his knowledge about the complainant and witnesses. Then the suspect is questioned about his activity prior, during and after the commission of the crime

Answer 57

Opportunity to lie

Question 58

The first set of investigators must appear to be rough, mean and dangerous. When they had finished the interrogation, the second investigator intervenes by stopping the first set of investigators. By being sympathetic and understanding, he begins his interrogation. If the suspect still refuses to cooperate, then the process is repeated until there is a confession

Answer 58

The mutt and Jeff or the sweet and sour method

Question 59

It is the use of reasons, which is acceptable to the subject that led to the commission of the crime. Thus, it may be said that sometimes, killing is a necessity rather than by purpose or design. Robbery may be a necessity to feed a starving family.

Answer 59

Rationalization

Question 60

It is the process of putting the blame to other persons, not alone to the suspect. The murderer may blame the mastermind for corrupting him with big sums of money, or the mastermind blaming the greediness of the victim or the husband blaming the wife for her infidelity.

Answer 60

Projection

Question 61

is the act of minimizing the culpability of the suspect. The investigator convinces the suspect that a confession will reduce the offense and the penalty. Thus, the investigator could study it if there is a way to downgrade murder to homicide or the introduction of mitigating circumstances with the result of the penalty being within the range of probation

Answer 61

Minimization

Question 62

COMMON PHYSICAL SIGNS OF DECEPTION

Answer 62

1. Sweating 2. Color change 3. Dry mouth 4. Breathing 5. Pulse 6. Avoidance of direct contact

Question 63

the nod of the head or any other body language as a response to the questions should be avoided. The answers must be oral, clear, explicit and responsive to the questions

Answer 63

Avoid implied answer