CDI2 Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Greek derivation and means “without a pulse.” It refers to a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body, which arises from being unable to breathe normally.
A
Asphyxia
2
Q
the physical interference with breathing and/ or circulation.
A
mechanical asphyxia
3
Q
deprivation of oxygen, either from a lack of oxygen in the surrounding environment or obstruction of the upper airway
A
Suffocation
4
Q
mechanical obstruction of the flow of air from the environment into the mouth and nose
A
Smothering
5
Q
may occur by ligature, or by manual-pressure using one or both hands when the term throttling may be used
A
Strangulation
6
Q
usually occurs when a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe blocking the flow of air
A
Choking
7
Q
to achieve the strangulation of a person where an iron collar is being placed around the neck and tightened by a screwdriver
A
Garroting
8
Q
due to fixation of the external chest wall as a result of crushing
A
Chest compression
9
Q
by another, deliberate self-harm, or autoerotic asphyxia
A
Hanging
10
Q
refers to the exclusion of air from the lungs by means other than compression of neck, such as through entrapment in an airtight enclosure with inadequate oxygen in the environment.
A
Suffocation
11
Q
broadly refer to cases of entrapment, suffocating gases, smothering, choking, mechanical asphyxia, and traumatic asphyxia.
A
Suffocation
12
Q
mechanical obstruction of the external airways, (mouth and / or nostrils) by an object such as a hand, pillow, duct tape or plastic bag.
A
Smothering
13
Q
mechanical limitation of the expansion of the lungs by compressing the torso, hence interfering with breathing.
A
Chest compression
14
Q
involves the obstruction of the larynx by food, vomit, blood, or other foreign bodies.
A
Choking
15
Q
is a violent form of death that occurs when mechanical pressure is applied
to the neck by means of a ligature (ligature strangulation), or by
utilizing only the hands (manual strangulation).
A
Strangulation
16
Q
refers to the situation where a victim’s own body weight (or part of their body weight) causes a compressive force to be applied to the neck
A
Hanging
17
Q
refers to a form of death that occurs when atmospheric air is prevented from entering the lungs due to submersion of the body in wäter or other fluids.
A
Drowning
18
Q
defined as the science that deals with knowledge of source, character and properties of poisons, their symptoms in the body, their pharmacological actions, and their treatment.
A
Toxicology
19
Q
substance or agent capable of producing harm, such as disease or death, to a living organism.
A
Poison
20
Q
involves the use of toxicology for the purposes of the law, especially when criminal activity is suspected.
A
Forensic toxicology
21
Q
substance can be a _____ if taken in the right amount.
A
Poison
22
Q
substance can be a _____ if taken in the right amount.
A
Poison
23
Q
metal that is not in itself poisonous; the _____ compounds used in insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, alloys, wood preservatives, additives to animal feed, semiconductors and light-emitting diodes, homeopathic medicines, paints, and ceramics are the ones that make potent poisons.
A
Arsenic
24
Q
been widely used for homicidal purpose as it is toxicologist cheap, easily available, tasteless and odorless, and therefore cannot
imples and be detected in food or water.
A
Arsenic
25
chemical compounds, many of which are highly toxic. This products are used in several industrial processes, mainly for the mining of gold and silver.
Cyanide
26
rapid-acting and deadly poison that can kill in a matter of minutes.
Cyanide
27
highly toxic crystalline alkaloid usually obtained from the seeds of the Strychnosnux-vomica tree, which is commonly found in India and Southeast Asia.
Strychnine
28
It produces excruciatingly painful and violent spastic reactions, resulting in a horrific death.
Strychnine
29
highly toxic gas produced by the incomplete combustion of organic materials. It forms when there is insufficient oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and initially non-irritating; hence, it is very difficult for people to detect.
Carbon monoxide
30
soft gray metal mostly found geologically in potassium-based ores at the Earth's crust.
Thallium
31
is an odorless, tasteless, and highly toxic dense white powder salt that has been commonly employed as a rat poison.
Thallium sulfate
32
is a toxin produced by the Aconitum napellus plant, which is also known as monk's hood, wolf's bane, women's bane, devil's helmet, and blue rocket; it is found chiefly in mountainous parts of the northern hemisphere.
Aconite
33
white powder that is barely soluble in water but very soluble in alcohol.
Aconite
34
highly toxic, naturally occurring protein derived from the seeds of the castor oil plant Ricinus communis. ____ is twice as deadly as cobra venom and it is poisonous if inhaled, injected, or ingested. It has a high lethality, causing weakness, fever, and pulmonary edema after inhalation that can lead to death from hypoxemia in 2 to 3 days.
Ricin
35
soft and malleable metal used in building construction, lead-acid batteries, bullets and shots, weights,
Lead
36
most common salt that causes acute poisoning.
Lead acetate
37
growing global problem often resulting in accidents, criminal activity, and death. Drug-related crimes are usually committed either to fund the purchase of drugs or as a consequence of drug misuse.
Drugs of abuse
38
"any substance, other than those required for the maintenance of normal health, that, when taken into he living organism may modify one or more of its functions."
Drugs acc. WHO
39
growing global problem often resulting in accidents, criminal activity, and death. Drug-related crimes are usually committed either to fund the purchase of drugs or as a consequence of drug misuse.
Drugs of abuse
40
"any taking of a drug, which harms or threatens to harm the physical and mental health or social well-being of an individual, of other individuals, or of society at large, or which is illegal."
Drug misuse
41
state, psychic and sometimes also physical, resulting from the interaction between a living organism and a drug, characterized by behavioral and other responses that always include a compulsion to take the drug
Drug dependency
42
psychoactive drugs that stimulate the nervous system, resulting in euphoria, increased energy, and alertness with loss of appetite.
Stimulants (uppers)
43
form of white crystalline powder can be snorted intranasally or injected intravenously, while crack cocain is the less expensive form that can be smoked.
Cocaine
44
strongly addictive controlled substance derived from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush. It has become an extremely popular drug with some medicinal value, although it also has a high potential for abuse.
Cocaine
45
street hame for Methylene dioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA). It is a "party drug" that is classified as both a stimulant and a hallucinogen.
Ecstasy
46
popularity in nightclubs and raves is due to its empathy-enhancing properties, which increases a sense of intimacy and diminished anxiety with others, which can induce euphoria and mild psychedelia.
Ecstasy
47
synthetic drug that comes as a white odorless powder, tablet or as crystals that look like shards of glass with a bitter numbing taste. It can be swallowed, sniffed/snorted, smoked or injected, resulting in a feeling of physical and mental well-being, as well as a surge of euphoria and exhilaration.
Methamphetamine or shabu
48
drugs that alter the perception of reality.
Hallucinogens
49
powerful hallucinogenic that is not fatal in itself. It is usually taken orally with sympathomimetic effects within 5 to 10 minutes
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
50
tobacco-like greenish or brownish material made of the dried flowering tops and leaves of the cannabis (hemp) plant.
Cannabis
51
most widely used illicit drug in the world.
Marijuana
52
are drugs that slow brain function in a progressive manner and are most often used in the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders.
Depressant (downers)
53
prescribed to treat anxiety, sleep disorders and panic attacks (withdrawal syndrome includes the major complications of fits and psychosis;
Benzodiazepines
54
used to treat seizures,
anxiety, tension
and sleep disorders; particularly dangerous drugs when taken in overdose and cause a physical and psychological dependence,
Barbiturates
55
used as an anesthetic agent that can be taken intranasally, orally or by injection (users can experience a cocaine-like "rush" with psychological dissociation).
Ketamine
56
colorless, flammable, volatile liquid that is soluble in water and has a characteristic taste and odor. Commonly found in alcoholic beverages
Alcohol (Ethanol)
57
anesthetic with primarily sedative properties. It has been used as a bodybuilding drug and treatment to conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy and alcoholism.
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
58
addictive and potentially deadly drugs, in which analgesic (painkiller) effects decrease the perception of pain and reaction to pain as well as increase pain tolerance.
Opioids
59
addictive and potentially deadly drugs, in which analgesic (painkiller) effects decrease the perception of pain and reaction to pain as well as increase pain tolerance.
Opioids
59
In suspected drug and poisoning deaths, the pathologist collects and preserves the specimens for toxicological analysis after the autopsy.
Post-mortem Forensic Toxicology
60
selection, collection, and preservation play an enormously important role in toxicology.
Specimen Collection
61
most common and preferable sample to use, when possible.
Blood
62
used as a second sample for confirmation of a drug's presence. It is good as a screening sample as it tends to have less interfering substances and provides qualitative information on past exposure or use.
Urine
63
excellent specimen to use in the absence of blood. It is less subject to contamination, is not affected by embalming, and demonstrates good stability.
Vitreous
64
popular techniques that can be used to screen a large number of drugs.
Immunoassays
65
easy to use but it is not commonly used in forensic toxicology because of its lack of sensitivity and specificity.
Spectrophotometry
66
can be used as a screening test for a large number of drugs when combined with a detector.
Chromatography
67
The process of confirmation involves the use of various methods that give structurally specific information about a compound in order to eliminate the potential for false positive results.
Confirmatory test
68
play a major role in the identification, evaluation, and treatment of victims of acts of violence, abuse, or neglect. It is during their work that the serious problems can first be identified before more tragic results ensue.
Emergency physicians
69
otherwise known as "Act for Stronger Deterrents and Special Protection against Child Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination" defines a child and child abuse
RA 7610
70
refers to person below eighteen (18) years of age or those over but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition;
Children
71
refers to the maltreatment, whether habitual or not, of the child which includes any of the following:
(1) Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse and emotional maltreatment;
(2) Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity of a child as a human being;
(3) Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival, such as food and shelter; or
(4) Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child resulting in serious impairment of his growth and development or in his permanent incapacity or death.
Child abuse
72
defined by the World Health Organization
(WHO) as "all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power"
Child maltreatment
73
defined as "the intentional use of physical force against a child that results inor has a high likelihood of resulting in—harm for the child's health, survival, development, or dignity.
Physical abuse
74
involves a careful head-to-toe examination of the child.
Physical examination
75
are caused by harsh fingertip pressure, They are typically 0.5-2.5 cm in size,
Spot bruises
76
often found on the face where they may involve the ear, and on the trunk and buttocks.
Slap marks
77
may be shown as rows of three or four roughly round bruises 0.5-1 cm in size. Favored sites are the head and back, particularly over the spine.
Knuckle punches
78
such as belts, straps, canes, pieces of wood, hairbrushes, and electric flex (which wraps around limbs) may result in bruising and leave recognizable marks.
Instrument
79
distinctive, crescent-shaped lines that are discolored. If a bite is made by a child, it would have a narrow arch and be smaller than one made by an adult, which often involves teeth behind the canines.
Bite marks
80
form a butterfly-shaped bruise with one wing (caused by the thumb) larger than the other. Fingernails may leave thin linear paired bruises.
Pinch marks
81
may appear as an unmistakable pattern on the skin from the heat source
Burns & scalds
82
refers to any form of nonconsensual sexual activity.
Sexual assault
83
the Anti-Rape Law of 1997 defines rape
RA 8353
84
This refers to the right of patients (or in the case of patients under 18 years of age, individuals acting for the child, i.e. parents or guardians) to make decisions on their own behalf. All steps taken in providing services are based on the informed consent of the patient.
Autonomy
84
Article 266-A. Rape: When and How Committed. - Rape is committed:
1) By a man who shall have carnal knowledge of a woman under any of the following circumstances:
Rape
85
This is the duty or obligation to act in the best interests of the patient.
Beneficence
86
This refers to the duty or obligation to avoid harm to the patient.
Non-maleficence
87
This principle is defined as giving what is rightfully due.
Justice & fairness
88
consists of methodical inspection of every surface area of the body using a good light source and, where necessary, a magnifying lens.
General Physical Examination
89
embarking on a detailed examination of the genitalia and anus,
Ano-Genital Examination
90
as "the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared and cannot give consent, or that violates the laws or social taboos of society.
Child sexual abuse
91
unexplained genital injury, recurrent vulvovaginitis (inflammation of the vulva and the vagina), vaginal or penile discharge, bedwetting and fecal soiling beyond the usual age, anal complaints (e.g. fissures, pain, bleeding), pain on urination; urinary tract infection,
Physical indicators
92
include regression in behavior, school performance or attaining developmental milestones; acute traumatic response such as clingy behavior and irritability in young children; sleep disturbances, eating disorders, problems at school; social problems; depression; poor self-esteem; and inappropriate
Behavioral indicators
93
be indicators of sexual abuse include such activities as kissing with one's tongue thrust into the other person's mouth, fondling one's own or another person's breasts or genitals, masturbation, and rhythmic pelvic thrusting.
Sexualize behavior
94
Refer to the various processes that occur in the human body after death
Postmortem changes
95
Refers to the normal cooling of the body after death as the result of equilibration of the body with the ambient (environment) temperature
Algor Mortis
96
Also known as postmortem lividity or hypotasis) reference to the settling of blood to the dependent part of the body following death
Livor Mortis
97
becomes even more readily seen at 6 to 8 hours and becomes fixed and fully develop around 18 to 24 hours
Livor mortis
98
Refers to the progressive staffing of muscles after death due to chemical changes within the muscle fibers
Rigor mortis
99
Usually makes its first appearance 2 to 4 hours after death
Rigor mortis
100
A phenomenon, in which the muscles (chiefly of the hand) contract for Sibleys at the moment of death
Cadaveric spasm
101
Refers to the post mortem drying that occurs prominently on mucous membranes
Desiccation
102
Is a sequence of physiochemical events that begins with that and ends with dissolution of non-skeletal parts of the body
Decomposition
103
Reference to the process in which digestive enzymes breaks down complex proteins and carbohydrates into simpler compounds
Autolysis
104
Involves the overgrowth of microorganisms, which fed on and break down the dead tissues
Putrefaction
105
Is a product of desiccation or the drying up process of the soft tissue
Mummification
106
Develops as the result of hydrolysis of fat with the release of fatty acids which being acidic inhibit putrefactive bacteria
Adipocere
107
Mostly found often in corpses that have decomposed without having been exposed to air or submerge in water for a long period of time
Adipocere
108
The application of the study of anthropoids like insects, arachnids, centipedes, and cross the chances to criminal or legal cases primarily those involving death investigation
Forensic entomology
109
Can you calculate the developmental stages of anthropoids an estimated time that a car has been inhabited by animals?
Forensic entomologist
110
Necropsy or a postmortem examination is a complete surgical examination of the body after death
Autopsy
111
Came from Greek word, which means seen by oneself
Autopsia
112
Performed with the consent of the family members or a legally authorized representative of the disease
Hospital autopsy
113
Performed to determine the cost and the manner of death and people dying, sudden, unexpected, violent, drug related or others suspicious death
Forensic autopsy for medico legal autopsy
114
Distinguishes the medico legalautopsy from the hospital autopsy
External examination
115
Involves examination in sit two of the organs of the trunk the head and the neck begins in Y incision
 internal examination
116
Collection of sample of blood, urine, kidney liver, brain, bile, and gastric contents
Ancillary procedure
117
A confidential written report that accurately states factual information collected at autopsy
Autopsy report
118
Usually produce during the initial stages of a medico legal that investigation
Preliminary or tentative identification
119
120
Represent the use of knowledge and techniques of physical anthropology to solve problems of medico legal significance
Forensic anthropology
121
How to determine the sex and race of the body
Through skull and pelvis
122
How to determine the age of an identified body
Through the examination of teeth and jaw also skull
123
124
Determining the statue and weight
Identified through bone
125
Estimating the time of death
3 weeks - articulated bones
• 5 weeks - some scatter, some articulated
• 4 months - disarticulated, within 10' circle
• 7 to 8 months - most bones w/in 10' circle and all w/ in
20'
• 1 year - small bones missing, complete disarticulation
• 2 to 4 years - some bones broken, scattered 40', some large bones missing
• 12+ years - bone rot; partial burial (from leaves, storms, erosion from shallow burial)
15 to 20 years - no surface evidence
126
Term given to procedures to establish positive identification of deceased victims of a multiple fatality incident
Disaster, victim, identification (DVI)
127
 the unique structures and traits of human teeth, and just lend themselves to use and identification of living and deceased victim
Forensic odontology
128
Is a proven source of material to use for identification as a significant portion of a genetic information contained in a cell in unique specific individual and does differ
DNA analysis
129
Consist of basic data(age, gender height, and ethnic affiliation) and specific peculiarities
Personal description medical findings
130
This category includes all effects found on the bodies of victims, jewelry article of clothing, personal identification document
Evidence/clothing
131
In the afternoon of the disaster with a significant number of casualty, it is important to collect record or process information regarding injured missing Odyssis person as well, as affected by this processor in order as possible
Ante mortem data collection
