CE Mix Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
Name some facilities that will require an electrical power commissioning plan…..
A
Hospital- The hospital will have critical operations power systems (COPS), as defined by the National Electrical Code Article 708, and will need to be commissioned in order to make sure they are operating properly. Critical operations would apply to buildings which must maintain their ability to operate during an emergency.
Bank- The bank will have critical operations power systems (COPS), as defined by the National Electrical Code Article 708, and will need to be commissioned in order to make sure they are operating properly. These systems will most likely be tied to the vault. Critical operations would apply to buildings which must maintain their ability to operate during an emergency.
2
Q
Name some project closeout tasks and who performs them…..
A
Prepare Punch List- Contractor
Prepare Record Drawings- Contractor
Perform final inspection- Architect
Pay Final pay application- Owner
Start Building systems- Subcontractor
Check Building Systems- Commissioning agent
Provide building system testing reports- Commissioning agent
Assemble documentation of field changes
Finalize billing and collections
Include Certificate of Substantial Completion
3
Q
Name some of the costs that must be included in a lifecycle cost analysis….
A
Initial Costs
Operational Costs
Maintenance Costs
Financing Costs
4
Q
For what reasons are performance mock-ups (PMU) done?
A
- to protect the health, safety, and welfare of individuals
- seeing a full-size version would validate a design intent
- to pinpoint any areas of weakness as they pertain to water penetration
5
Q
Under which design delivery method are submittals streamlined?
A
Design-Build- Under a design-build project, the designer and builder are in one contract, which streamlines the submittal process. Since the architect and contractor are one entity under design-build, the two parties have open communication. Therefore, the need for formal submittals from the contractor to the architect is streamlined as many issues are typically worked out during the creation of the working drawings
6
Q
When would a contractor be permitted to request a time extension?
A
when causes are outside of the contractor’s control (example of acceptable reasons-labor dispute, architect error, owner change)
7
Q
What are some benefits to straw bale construction?
A
Higher R-Value- straw bales will have an R-value between 35 and 50 in a typical wall assembly.
Smaller foundations- due to the straw bales weighing less, the foundations could be shallower.
Sound Barrier- given their mass, straw bales are an effective sound barrier.
8
Q
What are “walers” and where and why are they used?
A
A waler is a horizontal beam used to support sheathing or concrete formwork. It is an element of support, not a bracing method.
9
Q
Design Build delivery method is best suited for which type of projects?
A
projects that have straightforward building types with experienced clients.
10
Q
Fast Track delivery method is best suited for which type of projects?
A
projects where design and construction can overlap. Projects that have a need for speed over quality are candidates for fast-tracking. In this scenario, buildings can be built in a series, one right after another
11
Q
CMAR delivery method is best suited for which type of projects?
A
projects where the contractor is involved early to help provide input on complex construction matters such as keeping a busy facility operational at a sensitive site.
12
Q
Integrated Project Delivery method is best suited for which type of projects?
A
projects where several experts come together at the beginning of a project when goals are set and major building systems are selected. This allows for an integrated project where value is maximized and waste is minimized.
13
Q
According to the AIA A201, who is responsible for costs incurred for the discovery of hazardous material?
A
The owner is responsible. But the contractor pays any fines and is reimbursed by the owner.
14
Q
On what side should flush control for toilets be located to comply with ADA accessibility codes?
A
the open side, not the wall side.
15
Q
What is Sound Transmission Class (STC)?
A
a material’s ability to block airborne sound. STC ratings are given to assemblies that are constructed under ideal conditions. Actual conditions tend to be 5-15 dB less because of leaks and flanking paths.
16
Q
What does Impact Isolation Class (ISC) measure?
A
it measures an assembly’s ability to absorb noise caused by impact to a floor/ceiling assembly. To reduce impact noise, the IIC rating of an assembly should be increased
17
Q
What does Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) measure?
A
it measures the amount of energy absorbed by a material when the sound waves reach a surface
18
Q
What is the International Code Council (ICC)?
A
the organization that develops building codes
19
Q
What are the benefits of a Stipulated Sum Contract?
A
- the owner compensates the contractor a fixed price for providing work, according to the contract documents
- competitively bid projects most often use this type of contract delivery
- actual construction costs and construction bid difference are absorbed as profit or loss by the contractor
- unit prices are permitted
- alternates are permitted
- the owner knows the cost of construction at the time of the contract execution
20
Q
How long after occupancy are post occupancy evaluations done?
A
3-6 months
21
Q
What are the purposes of AIA G716 RFI?
A
- obtain information that the requesting party cannot obtain through research, document review, or other reasonable means.
- for an owner, architect, contractor, or other party to request information from each other during construction
- if it concerns a site or construction condition, the sender may provide a recommended solution, including cost and/or schedule considerations
22
Q
What are are some key commissioning activities that occur during the construction and post-construction phases?
A
- reviews all contractor submittals during the construction phase
- carries out and documents system verification checks during the construction phase, noting any deficiencies that need to be corrected and retested
- conducts and documents the training of operations and maintenance staff during the project closeout after all systems checks are completed and accepted
23
Q
Based on AIA A201 Article 3.2.1, who is required to visit the site and become generally familiar with the conditions under which the work is to be performed.
A
the contractor
24
Q
True or False?
Based on AIA A201 Section 2.5, if the contractor after 10 days from being notified of non-conforming work, the owner may remedy the work at the cost to the contractor?
A
True
Section 2.5 -Owners Right to carry out work
25
What is the purpose of a "slump test"?
A slump test is performed to test that the concrete has the proper consistency before the concrete is poured. A conical form is filled with concrete and tamped with a rod. The one is removed allowing the concrete to slump and be measured. A large slump means the concrete consistency is too viscous to be used
26
What is the purpose of a "cylinder test"?
The cylinder test checks the compressive strength of concrete. This test is performed by removing a cylinder of cured concrete and testing it in a laboratory.
27
Why is a "hammer test" done?
The hammer test is a non-destructive test which provides rapid impact on cured concrete to test the compressive strength and the surface hardness.
28
Why is an "impact test" done?
An impact test tests to see how cured concrete holds up against an impact load. It does not check the concrete consistency.
29
"Net changes to contract" in a payment application are also know as what?
change orders
30
What is "the Spearin gap"?
The Spearin Gap is named for a Supreme Court case which held that the architect's prepared contract drawings carry with them an implicit warranty against defects. However, the architect's standard contract, such as the B101, states only that architects will uphold the standard of care in their practice, not that they will provide work totally free of defects. Therefore, the space between an architect upholding the standard of care, but not providing drawings totally free of errors or defects, constitutes the "Spearin Gap," a place where the owner is at risk for unforeseen risks and costs.
31
What is the AIA G701? (G701)
change order
32
What is procurement?
The complete process of specifying, buying, and receiving goods and equipment.
33
What is the AIA G305?
Contractor's Qualifications Statement.
This document lets the Contractor demonstrate their suitability to perform the work by presenting company information, financial statements, references, and so forth. The Architect can review this document prior to construction to gain an understanding of the Contractor.
34
What is the AIA A701? (A701)
Instructions to Bidders.
Used to provide instructions to bidders on procedures including bonding requirements and instructions for bidders to follow in preparing and submitting their bids.
35
What is the AIA C401?
Agreement between Architect and Consultant,
which could include engineering disciplines under a typical project delivery. During construction this document must be referenced to understand the services required of each Consultant during that phase.
36
CSI Masterformat divides each specification section into how many categories (parts)? What are they?
3 categories (parts)
1. General
2. Products
3. Execution
37
What are Coordination Drawings and who develops them?
they are a type of informational submittal from the Contractor during construction. They are used to illustrate the Contractor's interpretation of design intent for specific elements of the work.
38
What does Division 01 in the CSI Masterformat contain?
it contains the methods, procedures, and technical requirements the contractor must follow during construction. It includes rules for pricing and payment, substitutions, administrative requirements, submittal procedures, closeout, etc.
39
When does a waiver of subrogation occur?
it occurs when an insured party waives the right of their insurer to pursue repayment for damages paid out on their (the insured party's) behalf. These waivers are included in AIA documents in an attempt to discourage litigious behavior among the owner, architect, and contractor.
40
What is Building Commissioning?
is a process for enhancing the delivery of a project. It focuses on verifying and documenting performance of commissioned systems and assemblies in the work and confirming that they meet project requirements.
41
What is Commissioning?
Verification after construction that a structure and its systems and subsystems meet the project requirements as intended and designed.
42
What is the AIA G702?
Application and Certificate for Payment form.
The contractor uses this form to apply for payment for a given period of work. It is usually accompanied by the contractor's sworn statement and schedule of values, along with subcontractor backup for the work performed. The architect reviews and approves or denies these applications.
43
What is the AIA G703?
Continuation Sheet for G702 (Application and Certificate for Payment).
It is typically used as backup to the G702, providing a breakdown of costs incurred by the contractor to do the work.
44
What is the AIA G704?
Certificate of Substantial Completion.
This form is filled out when the work is substantially complete and begins the warranty period. The form describes the scope of the work that is substantially complete. Any punch list items remaining are attached to the form with a value assigned to them.
45
What is a Bulletin?
Bulletin
A bulletin is a modification to the contract documents that is made after bidding closes and before construction begins. A bulletin is issued to the general contractor for review, and may result in changes to the project cost or schedule.
46
What is Bridging / bridged design-build?
A type of design-build project delivery in which the owner engages an initial architect to prepare a set of preliminary design/requirements called bridging documents. These documents are later used by the design-build team, without the continued involvement of the initial designer, to prepare the final project documentation and ultimately construct the work.
47
What is a payment bond?
Payment bond
A surety bond posted by the general contractor to guarantee that subcontractors and material suppliers on the project will be paid.
48
What is a performance bond?
A type of surety used by investors in construction projects to protect against financial loss due to a contractor's failure to complete or meet the contract specifications.
49
What are some of the architects general responsibilities according to the AIA A101 and AIA B101?
Perform professional services comparable with other architects practicing in a related location with similar project conditions.
Identify a representative to act on behalf of the architect.
Decline to engage in activities, accept employment or receive payment or contributions that would influence the architect's judgment.
Act as initial decision-maker in resolving disputes between owner and contractor.
50
What are welds tested for?
Continuity
51
How is concrete tested for compressive strength?
Cylinder Test
52
What does a blower door test?
Air Filtration
53
What test is done to determine the ability of a leach field to allow effluent to flow through it?
Percolation Test
54
What is backfill sometimes tested for?
Compaction
55
True or False?
A flood test is a type pf tests that can be performed on roofing?
True
56
What is Division 1 of the CSI Master Format?
Division 1- Procurement and Contracting Requirements
57
Under the typical design-bid-build project delivery method, the bid has been awarded and the contracts have been signed.
Which of the following is the next step toward construction?
Send notice to proceed.
Construction work typically begins with a notice to proceed in the form of a letter from the owner to the contractor. Sometimes the architect may issue the letter on the owner's behalf. If the owner is not ready to begin construction at the time the contract is signed, the notice will also include the date when the contractor may begin work. In either case, the notice to proceed will usually follow promptly after the signing of the contract; otherwise, the contractor may be able to make a claim for increased cost or time.
58
Information on traditional commissioning
commissioning improves a building’s value by identifying energy wastes and future maintenance needs.
An institutional client, particularly one with security concerns (e.g., a detention facility or federal government facility) may require security clearance or maintain “top secret” status post-occupancy.
Standard practice is to complete commissioning at contractor punch-out; however, it is always recommended that commissioning continue to near-warranty post-occupancy review because the interface can always change. Enhanced commissioning is usually defined as 10–12 months from closeout.
Verification of training is a standard commissioning activity that has little bearing on recommissioning. Merely maintaining systems and features does not ensure optimal performance of systems and features.
Post-occupancy evaluations by independent consultants offer impartial evaluations independent of the design professionals
A post-occupancy evaluation can be variously applied to portions of a building, selected aspects of the overall building, and groups of buildings on either the same campus or at several sites
The purpose of commissioning is to assure that all systems and components of a building are designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained according to the operational requirements of the owner or final client. Because this is an ongoing concern, evaluations at regular intervals are normal, particularly regarding enhanced commissioning.
59
Costs associated with errors and omissions by the architect are paid for by whom?
The Architect.
or their professional liability insurer, if the contractor becomes aware of errors, inconsistencies, etc. with the documents, A201 requires that they inform the architect of this matter promptly. If the contractor withholds this information, they could be partly responsible if it becomes a problem later on.
60
What are the differences between type A and type B bathrooms?
Accessibility.
Type A- is an accessible bathroom. Comply with section 1003 of ANSI standards.
Type B- shall be adaptable. Comply with section 1004 of ANSI standards. (AKA fair housing unit or safe harbor unit)
61
Joinder
when two or more parties are brought together under a single legal claim.
62
Vicarious liability
is when one party is responsible for the actions of another. This can occur in a number of situations, including an employer-employee relationship or architect-consultant relationship
63
Consequential damages
are damages that arise as a consequence of some act or omission. For example, an owner is unable to use their building because of defects or delays attributable to the contractor
64
Discovery
is a pretrial proceeding where documents are gathered and depositions are taken
65
An umbrella policy
provides increased insurance coverage above and beyond the limits of other policies.
66
As construction progresses, the commissioning agent (CA) asks the contractor to refer to the specifications that describe the requirements for energy efficiency, indoor environment, staff training, and operations and maintenance.
What are the specifications referred to by the commissioning agent?
Basis of design (BOD)
The basis of design is a term used to describe the drawings and specifications which are developed according to the owner's project requirements (OPR). The OPR is developed, with owner input, to define the goals and expectations for the project.
67
What needs to be issued before the owner will release the final payment?
Certificate for payment
Per AIA A101 Article 5.2.1.2: "Final payment, constituting the entire unpaid balance of the Contract Sum, shall be made by the Owner to the Contractor when a final Certificate for Payment has been issued by the Architect."
68
What is overhead in a contractors bid price?
Examples?
Overhead refers to ongoing business expenses that cannot be directly attributed to constructing an individual project. (not specific to the project)
A leased large-format copy machine at the home office.
Business licensing fees required for a jurisdiction.
Salaries for the contractor's marketing team.
Project binders and file folders.
69
What percentage of total units have to be type A?
2%
IBC (2018), 1107.6.2.2.1 requires that 2% of the total units be Type A units. All other units are required to meet the requirements for Type B units.
70
In order to monitor the construction progress, how should meetings be conducted?
Regular meetings with regular attendees
Regular meetings with representatives of the architect, owner, and contractor, as well as others such as consultants, subcontractors, and suppliers, are important for helping a project move forward in a regular and predictable manner. Because the documents may be interpreted differently by the contractor than how the architect intended, meeting on a regular basis helps to bring everyone towards the same interpretation. Also, regular meetings allow questions to be asked and answered for all to hear. It is also helpful to have notes and photos that occurred on a regular basis.
71
True or False?
Architects can prepare change orders?
True
The architect will prepare change orders and construction change directives, and may authorize minor changes in the work as provided in AIA A201 Section 7.4.
72
Before passing shop drawing submittals along to the architect, what items should the contractor review?
Dimensions
Quantities
Materials
73
True or False?
Despite having an accessibility consultant, the architect is still liable for code compliance
True
74
What is the Schedule of Values?
The schedule of values allocates the entire contract sum across the various portions of the work in a fixed price or GMP contract. The schedule of values is done in the preconstruction phase by the contractor and is submitted to the architect for review. The schedule of values then becomes the basis for the contractor's pay applications.
75
According to quality science theory, What are the four types of quality costs?
prevention costs,
appraisal costs,
internal failure costs,
external failure costs.
For the design firm, prevention costs are defined as staff training and education. Appraisal costs are sourced from reviewing and checking drawings and other contract documents before delivery to internal and external customers. Internal failure costs are the costs associated with project delivery or process failures such as incomplete or uncoordinated consultant drawings. Finally, external failure costs are those costs incurred after delivery of the product or service to the client.
76
What is sequencing?
performing one portion of the work prior to another portion, in either a logical order or a predetermined order
77
According to the AIA A201,
What is the maximum time limit after the date of substantial completion that a claim can be made?
Ten years. (10)
A claim can be made prior to ten years.
Refer to Section 15.1.2 in AIA A201-2017.
78
Prior to moving on to a new and different contract for the same project, what should the architect do?
Securing payment for services rendered in the original contract; then preparing a new contract, B101-2017
79
True or False?
When a contractor requests a material substitution that include modifications to other elements of the work, the contractor shall provide revised design drawings stamped by a professional engineer for engineer and/or owner review
True
He must also provide:
Manufacturer’s literature, including but not limited to product description, performance and test data, and reference standards.
Product identification, including manufacturer’s name.
Names and addresses of similar projects in which product was used, including date of installation and field performance data
80
In a project delivery model that has the construction manager as advisor, who supervises and directs the work of the subcontractor?
the subcontractor who supervises and directs their own work. They cooperate and coordinate with the general contractor
81
What symbol on fire door labels indicates that the door is equipped with gaskets for smoke and draft control, which are required to prevent air leakage according to UL 1784.
S-
Smoke and Draft control
82
What is a bid security?
A bid security is a certified check submitted along with the bid that is forfeited if the contractor fails to enter into an agreement with the owner.
83
What is a payment bond?
A payment bond guarantees that subcontractors and suppliers will get paid
84
What is a bid bond?
A bid bond is something the contractor obtains from an insurance company, who will guarantee that if the contractor doesn't take the bid, it will pay the difference between the contractor and the next lowest bidder.
85
What is "the point of refusal"?
he point of refusal is the point at which additional blows do little to move the piles.
86
Which individuals must sign a change order?
Architect
Owner
Contractor
87
Which individuals must sign a RFI?
No body signs an RFI
88
True or False?
The Construction Manager is responsible for the Contractor?
True
89
True or False?
The Architect is the best party to handle disputes between the contractor and owner?
True
The architect should be impartial when handling disputes between owner and contractor even though employed by the owner.
90
What is a tieback?
Tiebacks are the most effective method of bracing type to use in a narrow site where space in the pit is a concern.
91
If a contractor has to halt work through no fault of his own, what costs incurred is he allowed to charge for?
AIA 201 10.3.2 states that the contract sum shall be increased in the amount of the contractor's reasonable additional costs of:
shutdown,
delay,
and startup.
92
Who is responsible for construction schedules?
The Contractor
93
Order of information in written form in a construction project:
```
Preliminary Project Description
Outline Specifications
Drawing Notes
Short form Specifications
Full-length Specifications
```
94
Contract manager as Contractor (CMAC) is best suited for which projects?
Construction manager as constructor is best suited for large and complex projects that need to be done in a timely manner and have quality as a top priority
95
The first attempt at resolving a conflict should be between the parties involved, a third party should not be included.
This is called what?
Non-facilitated resolution.
| before Mediation
96
True or False?
Engineer costs are added to total cost of project (as well as architects fees)?
True
97
What is XCU?
The exclusion from insurance coverage for liability arising out of (X) explosion or blasting, (C) collapse of or structural damage to a building, and (U) underground damage.
98
What is AIA A132?
CM as advisor/ Owner
99
What is AIA B102?
- Architect/ Owner
- scope of work is not defined
- any payment types
- Ties into A201 general conditions
100
What is AIA B143?
-Architect/design builder
101
What is AIA B195?
- Architect/ owner
- integrated project delivery
- Ties into A295
102
What is AIA A133 and A134?
-CM as builder/ Owner
103
What is AIA B305?
-Architects qualifications statement
104
What is AIA C401?
- Architect / consultants
| - C series in general = consultant contracts (between anyone)
105
What is AIA A295?
-General conditions for integrated deliver projects
106
What is AIA A141?
-Design build / Owner
107
What is AIA A102?
- Contractor/ Owner
- Cost Plus with Gmax
- Ties into A201 general conditions
108
What is AIA A103?
- Contractor/ Owner
- Cost Plus without Gmax
- Ties into A201 general conditions
109
What is AIA A101?
- Contractor/ Owner
- Stipulated Sum
- Ties into A201 general conditions
110
What is AIA B102?
- Architect/ Owner
- scope of work is not defined
- any payment types
- Ties into A201 general conditions
111
What is AIA A132?
-CM as advisor/ Owner
112
What is AIA B195?
- Architect/ owner
- integrated project delivery
- Ties into A295
113
What is AIA A104 and A105?
- Contractor/ Owner
| - Simple/limited scope projects
114
What must the contractor warrant upon submittal of an application of payment?
The Contractor warrants upon submittal of an Application for Payment, that all previous Work shall be free and clear of Liens. This means the Contractor would need to submit lien releases for previous work with the submittal of the new Application for Payment.
See AIA A201 9.3.3
115
When does the Architect issue a
| Certificate for Payment?
Within 7 days after receipt of the Contractor’s Application for Payment, the Architect shall either issue to the Owner a Certificate for Payment, with a copy to the Contractor, for such amount the Architect determines is properly due, or notify the Contractor and Owner in writing of the Architect’s reasons for withholding certification in whole or in part.
See AIA A201 9.4.1
116
What is ASI?
Architect's Supplemental Instructions.
These instructions can be issued during construction for minor changes in the work that do not affect project time or budget.
117
True or False?
The architect is able to order minor changes in the work, so long as they do not affect project time or budget.
True.
So long as they changes are minor. These are typically issued as architect's supplemental instructions, or ASIs, and are signed by the architect alone.
118
What are Performance specifications?
Specification based on performance requirements of a product, such as VOC content, efficiency rating, or sound attenuation rating. May or may not name a specific brand or model.
119
What are Proprietary specifications?
Specification which allows only the listed products to be used in construction. Note this is rarely allowed in publicly-funded projects to avoid conflicts of interest, and encourage competition.
120
What are Reference Standard Specifications?
Similar to an open specification, items have to meet specific testing authority requirements (UL, ASTM, ANSI). The contractor is responsible.
121
Who is the "clerk of the works"?
The owner's job site representative.
122
What is an Alternate?
Proposal by bidder for amount to be subtracted from, or added to, the base bid if the corresponding change in the work is accepted.
123
What is an Allowance?
an amount included in the contract sum to cover the cost of certain items not specified in detail. hardware and other finish items are often handled in this manner.
124
What is the Davis-Bacon Act?
A federal law that requires
the Department of Labor to set prevailing
wages for government-financed construction
projects.
125
What is Float?
The extra time available for a construction activity above its estimated time duration, without causing any delay of project
completion.
126
What are the General Conditions?
The part of the contract
documents that states the rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the parties involved,
usually by means of a standard document published by the American Institute of Architects.
127
What does the lowest acceptable bona fide bid mean?
The lowest bid that complies with all the stipulated
requirements.
Bona Fida means "in good faith" in Latin. Meaning real, authentic, genuine.
128
What is the Project Manual?
The manual prepared by the
architect for a project, including the technical
specifications, bidding instructions and forms,
general conditions, supplementary conditions,
special conditions, and other legal and administrative documents.
129
What are Record Drawings?
Drawings revised to show
changes made during construction. Sometimes
erroneously called As-Built Drawings.
130
What is TQM (Total Quality Management)?
An approach to the delivery of goods or services in
| which quality is determined by customer satisfaction and conformance to requirements.
131
What is Unit Price?
An amount, stated in dollars per
unit, provided by the contractor with his or her
bid for adding or deleting specific portions of
the work.
132
What is another name for "the guaranteed maximum price (GMP)"?
Upset Price
133
What does COPS stand for with regards to an electrical power commissioning plan?
critical
operations
power
systems (COPS)
134
What are examples of submittals?
```
drawings,
diagrams,
schedules,
samples,
mock-ups,
product data,
brochures,
cut sheets,
and other data to illustrate the work.
```
135
Who signs a potential change order?
Nobody-
a potential change order isn't a formally accepted change until it is discussed/approved by the general contractor, owner, and architect, so nobody has to sign it.
136
Who is responsible for paying to fix a custom millwork piece that will not fit in its intended spot after shop drawings have been signed by the architect?
The Contractor-
the contractor is responsible for coordination of dimensions, material quantities, and construction techniques. The architect's approval of the shop drawing does not relieve the contractor of their responsibilities to coordinate dimensions, material quantities, or construction techniques.
137
What is a VMU?
Visual Mock Up-
| performed to validate aesthetic choices
138
What is a Low Voltage Engineer responsible for?
This consultant deals with communications, security, audio, and video systems throughout the project. Coaxial cabling would fall under the low voltage consultant's specifications (Division 27).
139
How frequently is the architect required to visit the site during the course of construction?
Intervals appropriate to the stage of construction.
As per AIA A201 , Article 4.2.2 states that the architect shall visit the site at intervals appropriate to the stage of construction.
140
Who pays for uncovering work that is found to conform?
The Owner-
Based on article 12.1.2 in A201, if the architect requests uncovering of work that is found to conform, the contractor is entitled to an equitable adjustment in time and money as appropriate. The owner pays because it is their project.
141
When does unjust enrichment happen?
It occurs when Party A has unfairly benefited at the expense of Party B. Under the doctrine of unjust enrichment, Party B is protected.
142
According to the ADA, one of every how many parking spaces must be van accessible?
6
143
What is ADA minimum access route width?
36" (3'-0")
144
According to the ADA, the running slope of walking surfaces shall not be steeper than what? (pitch)
1:20
145
According to the ADA, the cross slope of walking surfaces shall not be steeper than what? (pitch)
1:48 (2.083%)
146
According to the ADA, door openings shall provide a clear width of what minimum?
```
32 inches (815 mm) minimum.
Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees.
```
147
Who determines design intent?
The Architect
148
What is In-situ load testing?
is commonly used to assess the safety or the serviceability of an existing or new structural system or part of its elements for a particular external load condition.
149
What protects the owner in the event of a contractor going bankrupt in the middle of a project?
A bond-
is a type of guarantee offered by a surety company. In the event a contractor fails to complete a job, the surety will either complete the job or provide the funds to have someone else complete it.
150
What is an action submittal?
is one that requires the review and approval stamp of an architect or consultant.
151
What is Delegated Design?
is the transfer of design responsibility of certain aspects of the project from the architect to the general contractor. The success of delegated design hinges on clear communication between the parties at the start of the project. If expectations are well-communicated upfront, delegated design can offer a successful collaboration and results
152
If the Contractor finds hazardous materials on site, what is he/she to do?
1. Stop Work
2. Notify Owner
3. Notify Architect
