Cell

Question 1

what is the cell covered by

Answer 1

cell membrane

Question 2

what are the functions of the cell membrane

Answer 2

forms isolating barrier between ICF and ECF / used for transportation / communication between external and internal environments

Question 3

what is the nucleus covered by

Answer 3

covered by a double layered envelope referred to as nuclear envelope

Question 4

what does the nucleus contain?

Answer 4

nucleus contains blueprints of cell, master molecule which is the DNA of the cell

Question 5

what is the nucleolus

Answer 5

present in nucleus often referred to as small mini nucleus

Question 6

what is the function of nucleolus

Answer 6

involved in the synthesization of ribosomes which are then transported to the cytoplasm

Question 7

what do nuclear pores do

Answer 7

regulate movement in and out of the cell

Question 8

what does DNA of cell dictate

Answer 8

protein synthesis

Question 9

what is the cytoplasm

Answer 9

anything minus the nucleus

Question 10

what is the cytoplasm composed of

Answer 10

cytosol , organelles and inclusions

Question 11

what is the cytosol

Answer 11

is the gelatinous portion in which structures within the cells float

Question 12

what are organelles

Answer 12

often referred to as mini organs they are membrane bound and there is 5 types : endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondrion

Question 13

what are inclusions

Answer 13

non membrane bound insoluble particles there are 3 centrioles vaults and ribosomes

Question 14

what is endo plasmic stand for

Answer 14

endo stands for inside and plasmic stands for cytoplasm

Question 15

what does reticulum stand for ?

Answer 15

refers to a network of interconnected membrane tubes

Question 16

how many kinds of endoplasmic reticulum is there

Answer 16

2
rough endoplasmic reticulum RER
smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER

Question 17

why is the RER surface rough

Answer 17

the surface is dotted with ribosomes ( non membrane bound inclusions)

Question 18

what is the function of the ribosomes in the RER

Answer 18

protein synthesis

Question 19

where were ribosomes generated

Answer 19

nucleolus

Question 20

how were the ribosomes transported

Answer 20

through nuclear pore helped by walls

Question 21

why is it called smoothER

Answer 21

because contains no ribosome therefore has smooth surface

Question 22

what does the smooth ER do

Answer 22

packages protein molecules into small bundles from RER

Question 22

what does the smooth er create

Answer 22

transport vesicles

Question 23

what name is the SER remodelled to in our muscle

Answer 23

sarcoplasmic reticulum SR

Question 23

what is the golgi complex named after

Answer 23

camillo golgi

Question 24

what is the function of the golgi complex

Answer 24

receives transport vesicles from SER then delivered to cisternae

Question 25

where are the transport vesicles repackaged

Answer 25

golgi complex

Question 26

what are secretory vesicles

Answer 26

200x larger than transport vesicles

Question 27

what are the transport vesicles repackaged to

Answer 27

secretory vesicles

Question 28

what process does the golgi complex use

Answer 28

exocytosis

Question 29

what does exocytosis do

Answer 29

transforms the transport vesicles into secretory vesicles

Question 30

what disease could possible be the golgi complex fault

Answer 30

alzheimers

Question 31

how many enzymes do lysosomes contain

Answer 31

50-60

Question 32

what are the enzymes

Answer 32

hydrolytic

Question 32

an example of lysosomes

Answer 32

phagocyte

Question 33

what is phagocytosis

Answer 33

kills bacteria and viruses

Question 34

what happens when lysosomes are missing one or two enzymes

Answer 34

can cause tay sachs disease

Question 35

whom are affected

Answer 35

eastern European between ages 3-4 often die no cure

Question 36

what causes tay sachs disease

Answer 36

lack or missing of hexoaminidase enzyme

Question 37

what does hexoaminidase do

Answer 37

breaks down glycolipids , when not broken down they accumulate in the nerve cell and stop producing normal nerve cell

Question 38

what happens to the affected

Answer 38

loss of vision loss of coordination death

Question 39

what do peroxisomes do

Answer 39

involved in the production of enzymes or oxidation reduction reactions

Question 40

what do peroxisomes release

Answer 40

oxidative enzymes

Question 41

what is the function of vaults

Answer 41

unclear / may be believed to transport ribosomal parts from the nucleus to cytoplasm plasm / storechemotherapy drugs affects cancer patient becomes resistant to drugs

Question 42

what is mitochondria enclosed by ?

Answer 42

double membrane inner and outer membrane

Question 43

what is between the two membranes

Answer 43

the inter membrane and the matrix is the inner most part

Question 44

what site is the mitochondria used for

Answer 44

site for ATP or energy production

Question 45

what causes kearns sayre disease

Answer 45

caused by abnormalities in the mitochondria is the degeneration disease of the eye muscles muscles begin to fail followed by the retina pigmentation failing then affects the nerve functions may also result in heart disease

Question 46

what diseases are linked to mitochondria

Answer 46

mcardle and kearns sayre disease

Question 47

what causes mcardle disease

Answer 47

metabolic disease (missing enzyme for glucose breakdown) causes muscle fatigue cramps

Question 48

where are ribosomes created

Answer 48

nucleolus

Question 49

what is the molecular weight of a ribosome

Answer 49

80 svedberg

Question 50

what is a ribosome formed from

Answer 50

a large and small subunit

Question 51

where are ribosomes present

Answer 51

RER and float around freely in the cytoplasm

Question 52

what does centrioles do

Answer 52

form the mitotic spindle that guide chromes towards the two poles direct DNA movement during cell division

Question 53

how many bundles do centrioles have

Answer 53

9 bundles of microtubules each of which have 3 individual microtubules and each centriole 27