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physiology 1 > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cell covered by

A

cell membrane

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2
Q

what are the functions of the cell membrane

A

forms isolating barrier between ICF and ECF / used for transportation / communication between external and internal environments

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3
Q

what is the nucleus covered by

A

covered by a double layered envelope referred to as nuclear envelope

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4
Q

what does the nucleus contain?

A

nucleus contains blueprints of cell, master molecule which is the DNA of the cell

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5
Q

what is the nucleolus

A

present in nucleus often referred to as small mini nucleus

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6
Q

what is the function of nucleolus

A

involved in the synthesization of ribosomes which are then transported to the cytoplasm

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7
Q

what do nuclear pores do

A

regulate movement in and out of the cell

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8
Q

what does DNA of cell dictate

A

protein synthesis

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9
Q

what is the cytoplasm

A

anything minus the nucleus

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10
Q

what is the cytoplasm composed of

A

cytosol , organelles and inclusions

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11
Q

what is the cytosol

A

is the gelatinous portion in which structures within the cells float

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12
Q

what are organelles

A

often referred to as mini organs they are membrane bound and there is 5 types : endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondrion

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13
Q

what are inclusions

A

non membrane bound insoluble particles there are 3 centrioles vaults and ribosomes

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14
Q

what is endo plasmic stand for

A

endo stands for inside and plasmic stands for cytoplasm

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15
Q

what does reticulum stand for ?

A

refers to a network of interconnected membrane tubes

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16
Q

how many kinds of endoplasmic reticulum is there

A

2
rough endoplasmic reticulum RER
smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER

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17
Q

why is the RER surface rough

A

the surface is dotted with ribosomes ( non membrane bound inclusions)

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18
Q

what is the function of the ribosomes in the RER

A

protein synthesis

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19
Q

where were ribosomes generated

A

nucleolus

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20
Q

how were the ribosomes transported

A

through nuclear pore helped by walls

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21
Q

why is it called smoothER

A

because contains no ribosome therefore has smooth surface

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22
Q

what does the smooth ER do

A

packages protein molecules into small bundles from RER

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22
Q

what does the smooth er create

A

transport vesicles

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23
Q

what name is the SER remodelled to in our muscle

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum SR

23
Q

what is the golgi complex named after

A

camillo golgi

24
Q

what is the function of the golgi complex

A

receives transport vesicles from SER then delivered to cisternae

25
Q

where are the transport vesicles repackaged

A

golgi complex

26
Q

what are secretory vesicles

A

200x larger than transport vesicles

27
Q

what are the transport vesicles repackaged to

A

secretory vesicles

28
Q

what process does the golgi complex use

A

exocytosis

29
Q

what does exocytosis do

A

transforms the transport vesicles into secretory vesicles

30
Q

what disease could possible be the golgi complex fault

A

alzheimers

31
Q

how many enzymes do lysosomes contain

A

50-60

32
Q

what are the enzymes

A

hydrolytic

32
Q

an example of lysosomes

A

phagocyte

33
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

kills bacteria and viruses

34
Q

what happens when lysosomes are missing one or two enzymes

A

can cause tay sachs disease

35
Q

whom are affected

A

eastern European between ages 3-4 often die no cure

36
Q

what causes tay sachs disease

A

lack or missing of hexoaminidase enzyme

37
Q

what does hexoaminidase do

A

breaks down glycolipids , when not broken down they accumulate in the nerve cell
and stop producing normal nerve cell

38
Q

what happens to the affected

A

loss of vision
loss of coordination
death

39
Q

what do peroxisomes do

A

involved in the production of enzymes or oxidation reduction reactions

40
Q

what do peroxisomes release

A

oxidative enzymes

41
Q

what is the function of vaults

A

unclear / may be believed to transport ribosomal parts from the nucleus to cytoplasm plasm / storechemotherapy drugs affects cancer patient becomes resistant to drugs

42
Q

what is mitochondria enclosed by ?

A

double membrane inner and outer membrane

43
Q

what is between the two membranes

A

the inter membrane and the matrix is the inner most part

44
Q

what site is the mitochondria used for

A

site for ATP or energy production

45
Q

what causes kearns sayre disease

A

caused by abnormalities in the mitochondria is the degeneration disease of the eye muscles
muscles begin to fail followed by the retina pigmentation failing then affects the nerve functions may also result in heart disease

46
Q

what diseases are linked to mitochondria

A

mcardle and kearns sayre disease

47
Q

what causes mcardle disease

A

metabolic disease (missing enzyme for glucose breakdown) causes muscle fatigue cramps

48
Q

where are ribosomes created

A

nucleolus

49
Q

what is the molecular weight of a ribosome

A

80 svedberg

50
Q

what is a ribosome formed from

A

a large and small subunit

51
Q

where are ribosomes present

A

RER and float around freely in the cytoplasm

52
Q

what does centrioles do

A

form the mitotic spindle that guide chromes towards the two poles
direct DNA movement during cell division

53
Q

how many bundles do centrioles have

A

9 bundles of microtubules each of which have 3 individual microtubules and each centriole 27

54
Q
A
55
Q
A

physiology 1 (6 decks)

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