Cell

Question 1

basic living structural and functional unit of the body

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

water loving head (phospholipid bilayer)

Answer 2

hydrophilic head

Question 3

water fearing tail (phospholipid bilayer)

Answer 3

hydrophobic tail

Question 4

two kinds of proteins in the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 4

1. Peripheral Protein
2. Integral Protein

Question 5

the kind of protein in the phospholipid bilayer that floats ; serves as cell support ; transport ; and signaling

Answer 5

Peripheral protein

Question 6

the kind of protein in the phospholipid bilayer that is inserted inside the phospholipid bilayer ; responsible for generating electrochemical gradients; catalyzing reactions

Answer 6

Integral Proteins

Question 7

main parts of the cell

Answer 7

1. Cell membrane
2. Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm

Question 8

the fluid inside the cytoplasm

Answer 8

cytosol

Question 9

it gives the primary structure of the cell

Answer 9

cytoskeleton

Question 10

what resides inside the cytoplasm?

Answer 10

organelles

Question 11

digestive function of the cell

Answer 11

lysosome

Question 12

site of aerobic respiration and ATP synthesis

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

sites of protein synthesis

Answer 13

ribosomes

Question 14

site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification

Answer 14

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

sugar groups are attached to proteins within the tunnels. Proteins are bound in vesicles for transport to the golgi apparatus and other sites ; attached with ribosomes

Answer 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

transportation of substances inside and outside of the cell

Answer 16

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

it processes substances transported by the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 17

Golgi Apparatus

Question 18

holds the structure of the cells together

Answer 18

microtubules

Question 19

central processing unit of the cell

Answer 19

nucleus

Question 20

it’s the part of the cell that houses DNA

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

the genetic make up of the DNA

Answer 21

Genotype

Question 22

physical manifestation of the DNA

Answer 22

Phenotype

Question 23

enumerate the components of the cell

Answer 23

1. water: 70% - 85%
2. proteins
3. ions
4. lipids
5. carbohydrates

Question 24

40% ____

Answer 24

intercellular fluid

Question 25

20% ____

Answer 25

extracellular fluid

Question 26

5% ____

Answer 26

plasma

Question 27

15% _____

Answer 27

Intercellular fluid ; interstitial fluid ; transcellular fluid

Question 28

charged particles in the cell

Answer 28

ions

Question 29

cat ions are

Answer 29

positively charged ions

Question 30

anions are

Answer 30

negatively charged ions

Question 31

Primary cation inside the cell

Answer 31

Potassium (K)

Question 32

Primary anion outside the cell

Answer 32

Chloride (Cl)

Question 33

Primary anion inside the cell

Answer 33

Organic Anion

Question 34

Primary cation outside cell

Answer 34

Sodium (Na)

Question 35

secondary anion inside the cell

Answer 35

SO4 , PO4

Question 36

two kinds of transport mechanism

Answer 36

1. Passive/Diffusion - requires no ATP 2. Active - requires ATP

Question 37

differentiate simple diffusion from facilitated diffusion

Answer 37

simple diffusion does not require the use of carrier protein while facilitated diffusion does

Question 38

true of false the greater the difference in concentration between two areas, the faster diffusion occurs

Answer 38

true

Question 39

the process by which molecules (and ions) move away from areas where they are more concentrated (more numerous) to areas where they are less concentrated (with fewer of them)

Answer 39

Diffusion

Question 40

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane such as plasma membrane is specifically called ; H2O concentration

Answer 40

osmosis

Question 41

types of concentration/solution in osmosis. explain.

Answer 41

1. Isotonic: 0.9 NaCl; ideal solution of the blood ; equal amount of solvent and solute inside and outside of the cell 2. Hypotonic: there’s more h2O outside the cell ; lower concentration of solute 3. Hypertonic: more solute (Na) outside the cell ; higher concentration; more

Question 42

when a cell uses ATP to move substances across the membrane, the process is

Answer 42

Active Process/Transport

Question 43

Transport “against” or “uphill”

Answer 43

active transport

Question 44

three kinds of transport proteins

Answer 44

1. Uniport: only one substance can be transported 2. Symport: two substances toward same direction can be transported 3. Antiport: two substances goes to different direction

Question 45

Resting membrane potential of a cell

Answer 45

-90mV

Question 46

what is an action potential

Answer 46

when a stimulus travelled inside the cell

Question 47

super-maximal impulse action potential

Answer 47

All or None Law

Question 48

explain action potential

Answer 48

1. Depolarization 2. Repolarization 3. Hyperpolarization

Question 49

threshold level where depolarization starts

Answer 49

-65mV

Question 50

what do we call the period where the cell can no longer be stimulated

Answer 50

Refractory Period

Question 51

two kinds of refractory period. differentiate.

Answer 51

1. Absolute. no action potential is fired at all 2. Relative. action potential is still possible, but must be very strong