Skeletal System

Question 1

enumerate the functions of the bones

Answer 1

1. supportive framework of the body
2. protect vital organs
3. hemopoiesis or blood cell formation
4. storage of minerals
5. act as biochemical levers on which muscles act to produce motion

Question 2

what do you call the blood cell formation

Answer 2

Hemopoiesis

Question 3

the shaft of the bone

Answer 3

Diaphysis

Question 4

proximal and distal part of the bone

Answer 4

epiphysis

Question 5

part of the bone that can only be seen in children ; made of hyeline cartilage; line at the end of each bone

Answer 5

Epiphyseal Plate

Question 6

the region between Diaphysis and Epiphysis

Answer 6

metaphysis

Question 7

two bone tissues

Answer 7

1. Compact
2. Cancellous

Question 8

bone cells that are found in the surface of the bone ; involved in bone deposition

Answer 8

Osteoblasts

Question 9

bone cells that are embedded deep in the bone ; involved in the resorption or breakdown of bone tissue

Answer 9

osteoclasts

Question 10

what determines bone mass, density, and structure

Answer 10

it’s the balance between bone deposition and resorption

Question 11

outer bone is ___ with ___ underneath

Answer 11

cortical ; cancellous

Question 12

low porosity; 5 to 30% nonmineralized tissue

Answer 12

Cortical bone

Question 13

spongy ; high porosity, 30% to 90%

Answer 13

Cancellous bone

Question 14

60-70% of bone weight

Answer 14

calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

Question 15

20-30% of bone weight

Answer 15

water

Question 16

it provides some flexibility and strength in resisting tension

Answer 16

collagen

Question 17

aging causes ____

Answer 17

progressive loss of collagen & increases brittleness

Question 18

two classifications of bone parts

Answer 18

Axial and Appendicular

Question 19

how many cranial bones do we have

Answer 19

8

Question 20

how many facial bones do we have

Answer 20

14

Question 21

how many bones are there in the axial skeleton

Answer 21

80

Question 22

how many bones are there in the ribs

Answer 22

24

Question 23

how many sternum bones do we have

Answer 23

1

Question 24

number of cervical vertebrae

Answer 24

7

Question 25

number of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 25

12

Question 26

number of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 26

5

Question 27

how many sacrum do we have

Answer 27

1

Question 28

how many coccyx do we have

Answer 28

1

Question 29

total girdle and upper limb bones

Answer 29

64

Question 30

total girdle and lower limb bones

Answer 30

62

Question 31

total appendicular skeleton bones

Answer 31

126

Question 32

total number of bones

Answer 32

206

Question 33

consists of Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Bone marrow

Answer 33

Long bones

Question 34

cuboidal, composed of cancellous bone and covered by compact bone

Answer 34

short bones

Question 35

composed of tables (outer compact bone) and dipole (cancellous)

Answer 35

flat bone

Question 36

includes those that are not assigned to the previous group

Answer 36

irregular bone

Question 37

small nodules of bond that are found in certain tendons where they rub over bony surface

Answer 37

sesamoid bone

Question 38

function of sesamoid bone

Answer 38

to reduce friction of the tendon ; alter the direction of the pull of the tendon

Question 39

three main classification of joints. differentiate.

Answer 39

1. Synarthroses or fibrous joints (moveable) 2. Ampiarthroses or Cartilaginous joints (slightly moveable) 3. Diarthroses or Synovial joints (moveable)

Question 40

examples of synathroses

Answer 40

sutures of the skull

Question 41

six types of diarthrodial joints

Answer 41

1. Hinge / Ginglymus Joint 2. Pivot / Trochoid 3. Condylar Joint 4. Plane or Gliding Joint 5. Saddle / Sellar Joint 6. Ball and Socket / Enarthrodial Joint

Question 42

2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other ; little motion possible in any 1 joint articulation; usually work together in series of articulations

Answer 42

Arthrodial (Gliding) Joints

Question 43

a uniaxial articulation; articular surface allow motion in only one plane

Answer 43

Hinge / Ginglymus Joint

Question 44

uniaxial articulation; atlantoaxial joint which turns in a bony ring, proximal & distal radio-ulnar joints

Answer 44

Pivot / Trochoid Joints

Question 45

biaxial ball and socket joint ; one bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface

Answer 45

Condyloid/ar or Knuckle Joint

Question 46

multiaxial or triaxial ball and socket joint ; bony rounded head fitting into concave articular surface

Answer 46

Enarthrodial Joint / Ball and Socket

Question 47

unique triaxial joint ; 2 reciprocally concave and convex articular surfaces

Answer 47

sellar/saddle joint