Cell

Question 1

Ribosomes

Answer 1

synthesize proteins from amino acids

Question 2

Golgi complex

Answer 2

synthesizes materials such as proteins that are transported outside of cell

Question 3

Vacuoles

Answer 3

sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal

• one large vacuole in plant cell
• numerous in animal cells

Question 4

Vesicle

Answer 4

small organelle with cell

has membrane and performs various functions including moving materials within a cell

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

consists of microtubules that help shape and support cell

Question 6

Microtubules

Answer 6

part of cytoskeleton that help support

made of protein

Question 7

Cytosol

Answer 7

liquid material in cell
mostly water
contains floating molecules

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

cytosol and substructures (organelles) found within plasma membrane NOT in nucleus

Question 9

Cell membrane

Answer 9

defines cell by acting as barrier

determines what exits in and out of cell

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 10

Rough- has ribosomes
Smooth- no ribosomes
comprises of transport system of cell
fused to nuclear membrane and extends through cytoplasm to cell membrane

Question 11

Mitchrondrion (mitochrondria)

Answer 11

generates ATP
involved in cell growth and death
contain own dna separate from nucleus
contains mtDNA and ribosomes

Question 12

Mitochondria functions

Answer 12

cell energy
cell signaling
cell differentiation- non differentiated cells transformed into cell with more specialized purpose
growth regulation- cell gets ready to reproduce and reproduces
Aerobic repiration occurs here

Question 13

Matrix

Answer 13

enclosed by inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 14

Folds

Answer 14

between inner and outer membrane of mitochondria

Question 15

Centrosome

Answer 15

comprised of centrioles located at right angles yo each other and surround by proteins

involved in mitosis and cell cycle

Question 16

Lysosome

Answer 16

digests lipids, proteins, and carbs

transports undigested substances to the cell membrane so they can be removed

shape of lysosome depends on material being transported

Question 17

Cilia

Answer 17

appendages extending from surface of cell

movement causes movement of cell, results in fluid being moved as well

Question 18

Flagella

Answer 18

tail-like structures on cells that use whip-like movement to help cell move

longer and not as numerous as cilia (cell usually only has 1 or 2)

Question 19

Nucleus

Answer 19

contains chromosomes

regulates DNA

in all eukaryotic cells

responsible for passing genetic traits between generations

Question 20

Chromosomes

Answer 20

highly condensed threadlike rods of DNA

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

short for deoxyribonucleic acid

genetic material that stores info about plant/animal

Question 22

Chromatin

Answer 22

consists of DNA and protein to make up chromosomes (in nucleus)

Question 23

Nucleolus

Answer 23

structure contained with nucleus consists of protein

does not have membrane

involved in protein synthesis

synthesizes and stores RNA

Question 24

Nuclear envelope

Answer 24

encloses structures of nucleus

consists of inner and outer membrane (made of lipids)

Question 25

Nuclear pores

Answer 25

involved in exchanging of material between nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 26

Nucleoplasm

Answer 26

liquid in nucleus | *similar to cytoplasm

Question 27

Plasma Membrane

Answer 27

thin semipermeable membrane of lipids and proteins

Question 28

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 28

aka double layer w/hydrophilic ends of outer layer facing external hydrophobic ends of inner layer facing inside of cell

Question 29

Cholesterol

Answer 29

cell membrane add stiffness and flexibility

Question 30

Glycolipids

Answer 30

help cell recognize other cells of organisms

Question 31

Proteins (in relation to cell)

Answer 31

give cell membrane shape special protein helps cell communicate w/external environment other proteins transport molecules across cell membrane

Question 32

Selective permeability

Answer 32

cell membrane allows small molecule to diffuse through it *regard to size, charge, and solubility

Question 33

Cell cycle

Answer 33

cell reproduces cell growth, duplication of genetic material, and cell division

Question 34

Mitosis

Answer 34

process which cell replicate, daughter cell is exact replica of parent cell

Question 35

Meiosis

Answer 35

process which cells divide, daughter celld have different genetic coding than parent cell *only happens in specialized reproductive cells call gamates