cell adaptations Flashcards
1
Q
what is atrophy
A
decrease in the mass of a tissue or organs due to decreased size and/or number of cells after it has reached its normal size
- nutritional deprivation
- decrease in blood supply
- loss of innervation leads to muscle atrophy
- disuse
- pressure/compression
- loss of hormonal stimulation
- physiological
- idiopathic
2
Q
what is hypoplasia
A
failure to grow to the normal size; usually applied to a tissue or ogran and indicates fewer or smaller cells
3
Q
what is hypertrophy
A
increase in size of cells by virtue of an increase in number and size of organelles
- compensatory
- hormonal
4
Q
what is hyperplasia
A
increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue
- only possible in cells capable of mitosis
- hormonal
- compensatory
- idiopathic
5
Q
what is metaplasia
A
change of one differentiated (mature) cell type to another of the same germline
6
Q
what is aplasia
A
failure to grow; a complete absence of a cell type, organ or tissue (agenesis)
- often incompatible with life unless it is a paired organ or skin where it may be segmental
7
Q
what is dysplasia
A
- disordered growth (embryological); abnormal tissue development w/ disorientation of cells or tissues
- hyperplasia with atypical cell shape, size, and orientation in fully developed tissues
8
Q
what is neoplasia
A
- abnormal, uncontrolled, and clonal proliferation of cells
- benign or malignant
