Cell Anatomy - Week 1

Question 1

Gel like internal substance of cells that includes many organelles suspended in watery intercellular fluid called cytosol

Answer 1

Cytoplasm

Question 2

What are the primary tasks of the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

-Anabolism
-Catabolism
-Packages substances for distribution to other areas of the cell or to various sites in the body through the circulation
-Eliminates waste products

Question 3

Takes raw material to assemble new substances

Answer 3

Anabolism

Question 4

Breaks down organic materials to produce energy

Answer 4

Catabolism

Question 5

What are the 2 major groups of organelles?

Answer 5

-Membranous organelles (sacs or canals made of cell membrane)
-Nonmembranous organelles (made of microscopic filaments or other nonmembranous materials)

Question 6

Outer boundary of cell
- controls what moves in and out of the cell by means of proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 6

Plasma membrane

Question 7

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 7

To maintain boundaries and allow for movement/transport

Question 8

Spherical body in the center of the cell enclosed by and envelope with many pores

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

Sacs and canals made of the same material as the plasma membrane

Answer 9

Membranous organelles

Question 10

Elaborate gateways in and out of the nucleus

Answer 10

Nuclear pores (nuclear envelope)

Question 11

Contains DNA (hereditary molecules)
Functions of DNA molecules; DNA determines the structure and function of cells as well as hereditary

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

Made of membranous, walled canals and flat, curving sacs arranged in parallel rows throughout the cytoplasm; extend from the plasma membrane to the nucleus

Answer 12

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 13

Enables the cell to communicate with the extracellular environment and transfer food and molecules from one part of the cell to another

Answer 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Responsible for synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones

Answer 14

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 15

Responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 15

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 16

Presence of tiny ribosomes dotting the surface of the

Answer 16

RER

Question 17

More tubular in shape, no ribosomes on surface

Answer 17

SER

Question 18

T/F
Endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Consists of cisternae stacked on one another
Located near the nucleus
Processes protein molecules from the ER

Answer 19

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

Tiny membranous bags; temporarily contain molecules for transport or later use

Answer 20

Vesicles

Question 21

Made of microscopic membranous sacs that have “pinched off” from Golgi apparatus
The cells own digestive system; enzymes digest the protein structures from defective cell parts

Answer 21

Lysosomes

Question 22

Similar to lysosomes but contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances that enter the cells

Answer 22

Peroxisomes

Question 23

Where are peroxisomes often seen abundantly?

Answer 23

Kidney and liver cells

Question 24

The powerhouse of the cell
Catalyze series of oxidization reactions that provide most of a cells energy supply

Answer 24

Mitochondria

Question 25

T/F Each mitochondrion has a DNA molecule, which allows it to produce its own enzymes and replicate copies of itself

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Many are attached to RER and many lie free scattered throughout cytoplasm Is the site of protein synthesis (protein factories)

Answer 26

Ribosomes

Question 27

Breaks down abnormal or misfiled proteins and normal proteins no longer needed by the cell

Answer 27

Proteasomes

Question 28

What breaks proteins down into peptides?

Answer 28

Proteasomes *peptides are then broken down into amino acids which are recycled by the cell

Question 29

Network of interconnecting flexible filaments, stuff tubules and molecular motors within the cell Functions in cell movement and forms cell extensions

Answer 29

Cytoskeleton (supporting framework)

Question 30

Thin, twisted strand of protein molecules found in the slcytoskeleton

Answer 30

Microfilaments

Question 31

Thicker, twisted protein strands found in the cytoskeleton

Answer 31

Intermediate filaments

Question 32

Hollow fibres that consist of a spiral arrangement of protein subunits found in the cytoskeleton

Answer 32

Microtubules

Question 33

Region of cytoskeleton that includes two cylindrical groupings of microtubules Coordinates the building and breaking apart of microtubules in the cell

Answer 33

Centrosome

Question 34

Projections that extend the plasma membrane outward to form tiny, fingerlike processes

Answer 34

Microvilli, cilia, flagella

Question 35

Tiny, fingerlike extensions that increase a cells absorptive surface area; supported internally by microfilaments

Answer 35

Microvilli

Question 36

Where might Microvilli be found?

Answer 36

Small bowl; increased absorption is needed

Question 37

Moderate hairlike extension of plasma membrane; move substances over the cell surface or detect changes outside the cell; supported internally by cylindrical formation of microtubules

Answer 37

Cilia

Question 38

Where might cilia be seen?

Answer 38

Respiratory system

Question 39

Long hairlike extension of plasma membrane; propel sperm cells

Answer 39

Flagella

Question 40

Dense area of chromatic, proteins, RNA, DNA within nucleus Synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and combine it with protein to form the subunits that will later combine to form ribosomes

Answer 40

Nucleolus