Cell and Cell division Flashcards
(13 cards)
Growth in animals
when the cells inside the organism start to divide and multiply
Uncontrolled cell division
Mutations in genes can cause cancer by accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal controls on the system
Elongation in plants
Plant cells are also able to become longer as they grow. This process is called cell elongation and occurs throughout the plant
cell differentiation - development of specialised cell
Specialised cells are formed when stem cells
differentiate.
. They do this by switching genes on and off
. embryonic stem cells formed a muscle cell, it would switch on the genes to turn it into a muscle cell and switch off the genes
Embryonic stem cells
Stem cells found in embryos that can differentiate into all cell types.
Plant stem cells + meristems
Plant stem cells are only found in specific areas called meristems at the tips of their roots and shoots.
Brain - cerebrum
split into TWO HEMISPHERES and is highly folded. It controls INTELLIGENCE , PERSONALITY , conscious THOUGHT and high-level functions, such as LANGUAGE and verbal memory .
Brain - cerebellum
Controls balance, co-ordination of movement and muscular activity.
Brain - medulla oblongata
controls unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing rate,
CT scans overcoming the skull and brain tissue
CT scans produce 3D images of the brain using X-rays which are fired at the brain from multiple different directions
. physical structures of the brain
PET scans overcoming the skull and brain tissue
PET scans use radioactive tracers which collect in areas where there is an increased blood flow
. Images of structure and function
Synapse
A tiny gap at the junction between two nerve cells, which nerve signals must cross.
neurotransmitter
Chemical involved in passing nerve impulses from one nerve cell to the next across a synapse.
