Cell and control

Question 1

how can we make large quantities of an identical copy of a plant in a short period of time

Answer 1

by cutting it and putting it in rooting powder, which would speed up the developing of the root

Question 2

what is the first step in preparing of mitosis called

Answer 2

interphase

Question 3

what happens during interphase

Answer 3

the dna will be replicable, sub cellular structures will divide, the cell will grow

Question 4

what si the first stage of mitosis

Answer 4

prophase

Question 5

what happens during prophase

Answer 5

1.chromosomes condenses
2. cell membrane will break
3. chromomesomes are free

Question 6

what is the second stage of mitosis called

Answer 6

metaphase

Question 7

what happens during metaphase

Answer 7

the chromomeommes centrally aline

Question 8

what is the third stage of mitosis called

Answer 8

anapgase

Question 9

what happens during anaphase

Answer 9

the cell fibres will pull eahc chromommesomes equally yo each side

Question 10

what is the fourth stage of mitosis called

Answer 10

telophase

Question 11

what happens during telopjase

Answer 11

1. the chromomes decondense
2. the nuclear membrane reforms

Question 12

what is the finial stage of mitosis

Answer 12

cytokinesis

Question 13

what happens during cytokinesis

Answer 13

1. the cytoplasm and nuclear membrane divides
2. to form two genetically identically daughter diploid cells

Question 14

what is cell diviosn

Answer 14

when a parent cell divides from two or more daughter cells

Question 15

how many chromomes do gamtes have in total

Answer 15

23

Question 16

how many chromomes are there in each cell of the human body

Answer 16

23

Question 17

how many chromomes are their in total from your mother and your father

Answer 17

46

Question 18

what does diploid mean

Answer 18

the number of chromes found in body cells

Question 19

whatg does haploid mean

Answer 19

half the number of chromomes in a body cell

Question 20

what is the cell cycle

Answer 20

a series of steps that the cell has to undergo in order to divide

Question 21

how many types of cell division are there

Answer 21

2

Question 22

what are the names of the types of cell division

Answer 22

mitosis and meiosis

Question 23

what is mitosis

Answer 23

a vital part of asexual reproduction, as this type of reproduction only involves one organisms so to produce offspring it simply repilcates its own cells

Question 24

what is a parent cell

Answer 24

any cell that can carry out divison

Question 25

what is a daughter cell

Answer 25

something that comes out of a parent cell

Question 26

what is mitossis used for

Answer 26

growth and repiar

Question 27

what is meiosis used for

Answer 27

the making of gametes

Question 28

what is the rate at which a cell divides by mitosis controlled by

Answer 28

its genetic matriel

Question 29

what do mutations alter

Answer 29

genes

Question 30

why might cells start dividing uncontroaably

Answer 30

there could be a mutation in a gene that controls cell division , which would cause them to stat dividing uncontrable, this can result in the formation of a tymo

Question 31

what are female chromomes

Answer 31

xx

Question 32

what is male chromomes

Answer 32

xy

Question 33

what are stem cells

Answer 33

undiffrentiated cells that can beomce other cell types

Question 34

what are the set of chormomes in the daughter cell's nucleus the same as

Answer 34

the parent cell nucleus

Question 35

what does undiffrentiated mean

Answer 35

not yer specialised/ not develop certain subcellular structure to functions q

Question 36

how many stem cells are there in snimsld

Answer 36

2

Question 37

what are the names of the two types of stem cells

Answer 37

emnryonic and adult

Question 38

what is an embryonic stem cell

Answer 38

stem cells found in embryos and can develop into all types of cell - once the embryonic stem cell has changed

Question 39

where are adult stem cells found

Answer 39

in bone marrow, brain, small intestine and liver

Question 40

how many types of cells can adult stem cells develop into

Answer 40

a few types off cells

Question 41

why are embryonic stem cells potent

Answer 41

because they can become all cell types

Question 42

when do embryonic stem cells form

Answer 42

when an egg and s sperm ccell fuse to form a zygote

Question 43

why are adult stem cells multipoetne

Answer 43

they can only become some cells

Question 44

where do adult stem cells from bone marrow only come from

Answer 44

red blood cells

Question 45

where are stem cells in plants found

Answer 45

within the meristem, which is at the tip of the root and the shoot

Question 46

what happens when stem cells divide

Answer 46

they can make a new specialised cell

Question 47

unlike animal stem cells, what can plant stem cells do

Answer 47

diffrentiate thoughout their whole plant life

Question 48

what does therpaeutic cloning do

Answer 48

produce stem cells with the same genetic makeup as the patient

Question 49

what does the technique of therpautic cloning involve

Answer 49

the transfer of the nucleuus from a cell of a patient to an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed

Question 50

what are the steps of therapeutic clonging

Answer 50

1. take the body cell first 2. remove the nucleus from the egg cell 3. put the nucleus from the egg cell in the bin 4. remove the nucleus from the body cell 5. put it inside the empty egg cells 6. give it an electric shock 7. the cell will divide by mitosis to form an embryo

Question 51

what are three cons of using embryonic stem cells

Answer 51

1. killing a potiential lif e 2. baby didn;t have a choice 3. if you are using it to make other cell types it can lead to uncontrolled cell division and cause a tumour which would become cancer

Question 52

what are pros to embryonic stem cells

Answer 52

1. used in mechical reseach 2. if it becomes nay cell type, it allows us to treat any kind of disease 3. it is painless, you are not extracting from a human

Question 53

what are 4 pros to adult stem cells

Answer 53

1. no ehtical issues 2. proceducre is safe 3. tried and tested, reliable resource 4. patients recover quickly from the procedure

Question 54

what are cons of adult stem cells

Answer 54

1. risk of infecrtion form the procedure 2 it is painful 3. it can only treat some disease 4. risk of dividing uncontablly and leading to canvcer

Question 55

what does idffrentiation mean

Answer 55

it has become specialised

Question 56

what deos it mean when a cell is speacilased

Answer 56

the cell has developed certain subcellular structurew which allow it to carry out its job

Question 57

what can growth in height be descrived as

Answer 57

continous

Question 58

what is growth in height driven by

Answer 58

elingation

Question 59

what stage do animal cells diffrentiate

Answer 59

in the early stage of developmentt

Question 60

what is the nervous system

Answer 60

a body communicatng network