Cell-as-a-Unit-of-Health-and-Disease Flashcards
(41 cards)
Specialized tye of “grinder” that selectively chews up denatured proteins, releasing peptides
Proteasomes
It synthesizes new proteins for the plasma membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Abundant in liver and gonads where it is used for steroid hormone and lipoprotein synthesis, and modification of hydrophobic compounds into water-soluble molecules
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Intracellular organelles that contain degradative enzymes that permit digestion of macromolecules
Lysosomes
Cell organelle that break down fatty acids, generating hydrogen peroxide in the process
Peroxisomes
The ability of cells to adopt a particular shape, maintain polarity, organize relationship of intracellular organelles, and move about depends on this intracellular scaffolding of proteins
Cytoskeleton
It shuttles internalized material to the appropriate intracellular siters or direct newly synthesized materials to the cell surface or targeted organelle.
Endosomal vesicles
Source of ATP and metabolic intermediates needed for anabolic metabolism, site of heme synthesis, and contain important sensors of cell damaga that can initiate and regulate the process of programmed cell death.
Mitochondria
Water and carbon dioxide diffuse across the cell lipid bilayers through what process (type of diffusion)
Passive membrane diffusion
The process by which large molecules are exported from cells.
Exocytosis
The movement of endocytosed vesicles between the apical and basolateral compartments of cells for transferring large amount of protein across epithelial barrier and rapid movement of large volumes of solute.
Transcytosis
Non-coated plasma membrane invagination (“little caves”) associated with cAMP, GPI-linked molecules, SRC-family kinases, and folate receptor.
Caveolae
A fluid-phase process during which the plasma membrane invaginates and is pinched off to form a cytoplasmic vesicle.
Pinocytosis
Major uptake mechanism for macromolecules such as transferrin and LDL, which bind to receptors localized in clathrin coated pits.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Most abundant cytosolic protein in cells.
Actin
They serve as connecting cables for “molecular motor” proteins that use ATP to move vesicles, organelles, or other molecules.
Microtubules
Cell junction that seal adjacent cells together to create a continuous barrier that restrics paracellular movement of ions and other molecules.
Occluding junctions (tight junctions)
Cell junctions that mechanically attach cells and their intracellular cytoskeletons to other cells or to extracellular matrix.
Anchoring junctions (desmosomes) (tight junctions)
Junctions that mediate the passage of chemical or electrical signals from one cell to another.
Communicating junctions (gap junctions)
Cell organelle that consists of stacked cisternae that progressively modify protein
Golgi apparatus
Cell-cell signaling pathway: cells in immediate vicinity are affected.
Paracrine signaling
Cell-cell signaling pathway: molecules secreted by a cell affect tat same cell.
Autocrine signaling
Cell-cell signaling pathway: activated neurons secrete neurotransmitters at specialized cell junctions onto target cells.
Synaptic signaling
Cell-cell signaling pathway: A mediator is released into the bloodstream and acts on target cells at a distance.
Endocrine signaling
