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Histology > Cell Bio: Intro > Flashcards

Cell Bio: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

A cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles

A

Prokaryotic cell

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2
Q

Where is a prokaryotic cell only found?

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

What a prokaryotic cell may or may not have

A

A cell wall outside of the plasma membrane

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4
Q

Does a prokaryotic cell have a nuclear envelope?

A

No

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5
Q

What does a nuclear envelope do?

A

Separates the genetic material from the remainder of the cell

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6
Q

A cell containing a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes

A

Eukaryotic cell

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7
Q

Common functions of all cells

A
  • Protein synthesis
  • Movement of material in and out of the cell
  • Cellular metabolism
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8
Q

Many of the common functions of cells are the responsibility of distinct structural regions of the cell

A

Organelle

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9
Q

Cells are also _____ and will perform one or more specific activities with a great deal of efficiency

A

Specialized

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10
Q

What do muscle cells specialized do

A

Contract

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11
Q

What is the process that a cell must go through in order the cell to become specialized?

A

Differentiation

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12
Q

What are the 2 basic parts that make up a cell?

A
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
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13
Q

What separates the cytoplasm from its environment?

A

Plasma membrane/envelope

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14
Q

What separates the nucleus from the remainder of the cell?

A

Nuclear membrane/envelope

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15
Q

Plasma membrane composition

A

Lipid bilayer containing:
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates

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16
Q

Plasma membrane functions

A
  • Protection
  • Isolation
  • Sensitivity
  • Support
  • Controls entry/exit of materials in the cell
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17
Q

Cytosol composition

A

Fluid component of cytoplasm

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18
Q

Cytosol functions

A

Distributes materials by diffusion

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19
Q

Composition of cytoskeleton, microtubules, and microfilaments

A

Proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes

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20
Q

Functions of cytoskeleton, microtubules, and microfilaments

A
  • Strength/support
  • Movement of cellular structures and material
21
Q

Microvilli composition

A

Membrane extensions containing microfilaments

22
Q

Microvilli functions

A
  • Increases surface area
  • Facilitates absorption of extracellular material
23
Q

Centriole composition

A
  • Cytoplasm which contains two centrioles at right angles
  • 9 microtubule triplets in a 9+0 array
24
Q

Centriole functions

A
  • Movement of chromosomes during cell division
  • Organization of microtubules in cytoskeleton
25
Cilia composition
Membrane extensions which contain microtubule doublets in a 9+2 array
26
Cilia functions
Moves materials over the cell surface
27
Ribosome composition
RNA + proteins
28
What are fixed ribosomes bound to?
Rough ER
29
What are free ribosomes bound to?
Smooth ER
30
Ribosome functions
Protein synthesis
31
Proteasome composition
Hollow cylinders of proteolytic enzymes w/ regulatory proteins at ends
32
Proteasome functions
Breakdown and recycling of damaged/abnormal intracellular proteins
33
Mitochondria composition
- Double membrane - Inner membrane fold encloses important metabolic enzymes
34
Inner membrane fold of the mitochondria
Cristae
35
Mitochondria functions
Produces 95% of the ATP required by the cell
36
Endoplasmic reticulum composition
- Network of membranous channels - Extends throughout the cytoplasm
37
Endoplasmic reticulum functions
- Synthesis of secretory products - Intracellular storage and support
38
Type of endoplasmic reticulum that contains ribosomes bound to membranes
Rough ER
39
Type of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks attached ribosomes
Smooth ER
40
Rough ER functions
Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins
41
Smooth ER functions
Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis
42
Golgi apparatus composition
Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae) containing chambers
43
Golgi apparatus function
- Storage - Alteration - Packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes
44
Lysosome composition
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes
45
Lysosome functions
Intracellular removal of damaged organelles or pathogens
46
Peroxisome composition
Vesicles containing degradative enzymes
47
Peroxisome functions
- Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds - Neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process
48
Nucleolus composition
Dense region in nucleoplasm containing DNA and RNA
49
Nucleolus function
- Site of rRNA synthesis - Assembly of ribosomal subunits

Histology (17 decks)

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