Cell Biology

Question 1

Commun features in all cells

Answer 1

plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes and ribosomes

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

double membrane, holds DNA, contains pores for export of protein and mRNA.

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

apparent in the nucleus when the cell is not dividing, cells may have more than one,

Question 4

Ribosomes

Answer 4

are made up of rRNA and protein and serve to synthesize protein. They exist in two different forms, 1)bound in which they are attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum or free where they exist freely in the cytoplasm making proteins destined to stay in the cell.

Question 5

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

no bound ribosomes, stores calcium ions, produces lipids, and detoxifies drugs.

Question 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

has ribosomes bound to it’s structure, produces phospholipids to be added to the cell membrane

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

consists of flattened sacs called cisternae that are stacked on top of one another, it functions to modify/store proteins from the ER (modified in stages)

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

membrane bound sacs including digestive enzymes, will bound with vacuoles containing food in order to breakdown food to nutrients that can be metabolized and used for energy. must be in a membrane because digestive enzymes are acidic and could damage the cell

Question 9

Tae-Sachs

Answer 9

missing a lipid digesting enzyme from lysosomes resulting in lysosomes becoming engorged with fat (child will die in just a few years)

Question 10

Vacuoles

Answer 10

Multifunctional membrane bound sacs that function to store and transport materials within the cell, plant cells have a large central vacuole.

Question 11

Mitochondria functions to…

Answer 11

Carry out cellular respiration (conversion of chemical energy from foods and sugars into ATP using oxygen)

Question 12

How many membranes does a mitchondria have?

Answer 12

2 seperating the inter-membranous space and the mitochondrial matrix (inner membrane contains folds called cristae and protein molecules that funtion to synthesize ATP)

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

organelle responsible for carrying out photosynthesis (conversion of light energy to chemical energy)

Question 14

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 14

says that mitchondria and chloroplasts used to be prokaryotes that began living inside larger cells

Question 15

Peroxisomes

Answer 15

used in fatty acid breakdown and detoxification, single membrane, performs redox reactions to form H2O2.

Question 16

Cytoskeleton

Answer 16

network of protein fibers that extend throughout the cell cytoplasm, maintaining cell integrety, aiding in transport, anchor organelles

Question 17

Microfilaments

Answer 17

made up of actin, arranged in a twisted double chain

Question 18

Intermediate filaments

Answer 18

made up of fibrous subunits, have a ropelike structure

Question 19

Microtubules

Answer 19

made up of tublin, straight hollow tubes

Question 20

plant cell wall

Answer 20

an extracellular structure that protects the cell from osmotic rupture, thicker than plasma membrane, adjacent cells are attached via plasmodesmata