Cell Biology Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Father of Cytology and founder of cell ?
A
Robert Hooke in cork
2
Q
Who found Nucleus?
A
Robert Brown
3
Q
2 organelles who have their own DNA and Ribosomes?
A
Mitochondria and plastids ( only in plants )
4
Q
Who was purkinje ?
A
Founded protoplasm
5
Q
Leeuwenhoek
A
Founded free living cells in pond water .
6
Q
Founder of cell theory ?
A
Scheldien , Schwaan and Virchow
7
Q
What is Cell theory ?
A
- All living organisms are made of cells
- Cells are structural and functional unit of life .
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells ( by Virchow )
8
Q
Plasma membrane made of ?
A
Lipids and proteins ( phospho lipid bilayer )
9
Q
Name one cell part which is fat soluble?
A
Plasma membrane or cell membrane
10
Q
Transfer of materials across the semi permeable membrane takes place due to ?
A
Diffusion
11
Q
Osmosis n reverse osmosis
A
12
Q
Hypertonic , Hypotonic and isotonic solution
A
13
Q
What shows that plams membrane is flexible?
A
Endocytosis in amoeba - pseudopodia
14
Q
What is Endo osmosis
A
15
Q
What is exo osmosis
A
16
Q
Which organelle is filled with digestive juices?
A
Lysosome
17
Q
Suicidal bag of cell
A
18
Q
Powerhouse of the cell
A
19
Q
This organelle in animal cell have its own DNA n proteins or ribosomes ?
A
Mitochondria
20
Q
Which is a double layer organelle ?
A
Mitochondria ( has 2 layers - inner layer being deeply folded ) n outer layer being porous ).
21
Q
Which layer in mitochondria helps is facilitating storage of ATP ?
A
Outer porous layer helps in increasing surface area in order to increase the ATP storage
22
Q
Main site of ATP production in mitochondria?
A
Inner layer
23
Q
Organelle which is long network of membrane bound tubules?
A
ER
24
Q
Which organelle helps in transportation?
A
ER
25
Which part of ER or organelle responsible for Lipid production?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
26
Which organelle helps to detoxify drugs ?
SER
27
Part of ER which produces protein?
Rough ER as it has Ribosomes on it .
28
Who found organelle Golgi apparatus?
Camillio Golgi
29
Which organelle helps in Lysosome production?
Golgi apparatus
30
Which organelle as Cistern like structure?
Golgi apparatus
31
Function of Golgi?
Storage
Package
Modifications
Transport
( Like Amazon )
32
Protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
33
Where r Ribosomes found ?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and sometimes scattered in cytoplasm
34
Storage function which organelle?
Vacuole
35
Vacuoles found in both plants and animals. True or false.
True , in plants we have one large vacuole and in animal cell we have small vacuoles
36
Plastids
Only in plants
Have their own DNA and Ribosomes
Diff plastids have specialised functions .
Store n produce pigments
37
Types of Plastids -
1. Leucoplasts
2. Chromoplasts
3. Chloroplasts
38
Which plastid stores starch n protein ?
Leucoplasts ( white in colour)
39
Chromoplasts contains -
Yellow orange pigment . Store n produce carotenoids pigment.
40
Which plastid stores chlorophyll?
Chloroplasts
41
Cell wall is made of ?
Cellulose
42
Cell wall found in
Fungi
Plantae
Bacteria
43
What provides mechanical support or rigidity to plants ?
Cell wall
44
Cell wall
Rigid
Tough
Has strength
Like an extra bodyguard in plant cell apart from cell membrane in plant cell.
Helps in preventing bursting of cell (cytolysis)
45
Plasmolysis ?
When living plant cell loses water ( via osmosis) - leading to shrinkage of cell contents away from the cell wall causes plasmolysis
Happens in hypertonic soln
46
Plasmolysis happens due to -
Osmosis
47
In plant cells vacuoles help in -
Storing cell sap > which help in provide Turbidity and Rigidity
48
In amoeba vacuoles help in -
Food storage
49
Brain of the cell -
Nucleus
50
Nucleus is ___ layer
Double layered membrane
(Nuclear membrane n plasma membrane)
51
Nucleus
Nucleus contains Chromatin ( when cell is not dividing ) > when cell divided it converts into chromosome.
Chromatin / chromosome contains DNA ( which contains Genes ) and protein ( RNA )
52
Functional segments of DNA
Gene
53
Nucleus function -
Brain of cell
Controls the functioning of cell
Helps in CELL DIVISION
54
Which organisms don't have nuclear membrane?
Virus
Bacteria
55
Process of development of cell membrane known as -
BIOGENESIS
56
Which organelle helps in the generation of plasma membrane or cell membrane?
ER ( produces lipid n proteins)
57
Virus
Lack membrane n outside host they r non living n inside host they become parasitic n uses the hosts body to multiply n use its cell machinery
58
Cell division takes place via -
1. Mitosis
2. Meisosis
59
Mitosis
Done by somatic cells
Most cell division in the body done by this method
2 daughter cells formed
Identical daughter cell wrt parent
Same number of chromosomes
Only one division takes place
60
Function of mitosis?
Help in cell repair and growth of tissues
61
Meiosis
Takes place in reproductive organ
2 consecutive division takes place
4 new cells formed.
Half the number of chromosomes in new cell
New cell not identical
62
Bacteria -
Has cytoplasm
No mitochondria
63
Flaccid
Isotonic
64
Turgid pressure
When the cell swells in Hypotonic soln it exerts pressure against the cell walls
65
Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cell
66
Nucleoid
It is present in prokaryotic cells as they don't have a proper nuclear membrane.
67
ER functions
Transport
Protein synthesis - RER
Lipid synthesis -SER
BIOGENESIS plasma membrane development mein help karta hai
**The digestive enzymes in Lysosome are made by RER .
Provides
Helps in providing cytoplasmic framework
68
Which organelle produces digestive enzyme found in Lysosome?
RER
69
Which organelle are double membrane bound
Mitochondria, nucleus and chloroplasts
70
Non membranous organelle
Ribosomes , nucleoid, centrioles
71
Antibiotic such as penicillium helps block -
Cell wall formation in bacteria
72
A cell without cell wall
Protoplast
73
Ascending order of cells based on size
1 mycoplasma (smallest)
2.bacteria
3.Human cell
4 . Ostrich egg ( largest )
74
Fluidity of plasma membrane
Increases with increase in Unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane
75
Function of centrosomes
Formation of spindle fibres
76
Which helps in self replication process in chloroplasts
DNA
77
Glycolipids in the plasma membrane present in
Outer leaflet of the plasma membrane n constitute 2% of the lipids of most plasma membrane .
These are minor membrane components
78
CO2 and O2 crosses plasma membrane by ___
Passive diffusion
79
In plant cells vacuoles help in
Membrane bound structure helps in storing and excreting them
80
Which of the following is not correct abt organelles
1.they are found in multicellular organisms
2. They are small sized and mostly internal
3.They cordinate to produce cell .
4.Found in all eukaryotic cells
Incorrect is they are found in multicellular cells
Organelles are unique structure with different n specific functions
Unicellular eukaryotes have organelles too.
Organelles in unicellular are equivalent to organs in multi cellular
81
Reason behind higher mutation rate and faster evolution in RNA virus
RNA relatively unstable than DNA
82
Which organelle functions as passageway for intracellular transport and as a manufacturing surface
ER
83
Which organelle is packaging area for molecules
Golgi apparatus
84
One main requirement for osmosis is having __
A selectively permeable membrane
84
One main requirement for osmosis is ?
Semi permeable membrane
85
What is protoplasm
Nucleus+cytoplasm
86
Which microscope is used to observe plasma membrane
Electron microscope
87
__ is special case of diffusion
Osmosis
88
In plants where cell wall is present
Outer most layer ( uske inner mein plasma membrane hai )
89
Cell wall helps pr ent bursting of cell
In excess dilution of the external environment due to rigidity of the cell wall the cell won't burst
90
Turgid pressure during hypnotic situation helps to prevent ___
Cytolysis
91
Chromosome/ chromatin made of
Dna n protein
92
___ contains all the genetic info
Chromosomes
93
___ plays an important role in cellular reproduction
Nucleus
94
__ helps in determining the __ of cell by directing __
Nucleus helps
Form of cell
Directing the chemical activities of the cell
95
What is nucleoid?
Nucleic acids in prokaryotic organisms due to lack of nuclear membrane
96
Viruses lacks
Membrane ( no characteristics of life )
97
Er structure
Long membrane bound tubules n vesicles
98
Due to damage or disturbance in ___ lysosomes digests the whole cell - that's y called suicidal bag
Cellular metabolism
99
Waste disposal system of cell
Lysosomes
100
Chloroplast structure
Stacked layers in Matrix called stroma
101
Vacuoles store
Solid n liquid contents
102
Cell sap of the plant cell present in
Vacuoles
103
Vacuoles provide __ n __ to plant cell
Turgidity n rigidity
104
1 St time who discovered dead cells ( cork cells are dead )
Robert hooke
105
1 St time who discovered living cells
Leewenheuk
106
Who discovered structure of nervous system
Camilo Golgi
107
Largest cell
Egg of ostrich
108
Longest cell
Nerve cell
109
Smallest cell in human body
Sperm
110
Largest cell in human body
Female ovum
111
Brain of the cell
112
Protoplasm is ___ part of cell
Living
113
Protein manufacturing site
Ribosomes / ER(RER )
114
Vacuoles store
Amino acids
Sugars
Startch
Proteins
