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Reproduction Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Which contains information to make proteins

A

DNA

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2
Q

What is the basis of evolution

A

Variation in reproduction is the basis for evolution

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Single parent
Identical offspring
No variation
Same number of chromosomes in gamete
Happens in unicellular and few plants

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4
Q

Organisms which reproduce via binary fission

A

Amoeba , paramecium

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5
Q

Mode of reproduction in Plasmodium

A

Multiple fission

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6
Q

Malarial parasite

A

Plasmodium ( protozoan)

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7
Q

Leishmania (parasitic protozoan) mode of reproduction

A

Binary fission

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8
Q

Who causes kala azar

A

Leishmania

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9
Q

Yeast mode of reproduction

A

Budding ( chain of buds )

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10
Q

Hydra

A

Budding

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11
Q

Budding

A

At a particular sire regeneration or multiple division takes place which leads to cyst formation. That cyst grows into offspring

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12
Q

Regeneration

A

When an organism is cut it forms a whole new organism from cut part. Regeneration is carried out by specialised cells .- divide in large numbers n some cells undergo differentiation.
**Regeneration is not equivalent to reproduction as in regeneration the organism has to be cut .

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13
Q

Planaria

A

Regeneration

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14
Q

Spirogyra

A

Fragmentation

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15
Q

Fragmentation

A

Organism on maturation breaks into smaller fragments which grow into new organisms

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16
Q

Bryophyllum

A

Natural Vegetative propagation ( leaves )

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17
Q

Ginger n turmeric

A

Natural vegetative propagation ( Stem )

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18
Q

Grass , runners , strawberry

A

Natural vegetative propagation ( stolon / runner )

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19
Q

Onion / Lilly

A

Bulbs ( natural vegetative propagation)

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20
Q

Artificial vegetative propagation method

A

Grafting
Layering
Cutting
Tissue culture of plants

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21
Q

Fission takes place in ( unicellular)

A

Protozoans and bacteria

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22
Q

Fragmentation takes place in ___ organisms

A

Multicellular

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23
Q

Budding n regeneration takes place in ___ celled organisms

A

Unicellular

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24
Q

Vegetative propagation

A

In plants
New plants grow from vegetative parts like stem , leaves , roots

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25
Artificial vegetative propagation is used to produce
Rose , sugarcane , grapes , Jasmine , banana , orange ( who have lost capability to produce seeds ) n used to produce ornamental plants
26
What is tissue culture
Growing new plants by removing or seperating tissues from the growing tip of the plants .
27
Procedure of tissue culture
( hint-remove of seperate tissue from growing tip of the plant >artificial medium so that cell division can takes place>callous>medium with hormones to promote growth and cell differentiation>plantlets>plantlets>soil>new plant)
28
Advantage of tissue culture
Can grow from one parent In a disease free environment
29
Where tissue culture is used
Ornamental plants
30
Advantages of Vegetative propagation
1. Identical to the parent plant in terms of its characters 2. Can bear fruits n flowers much early wrt plants grown from seed 3. Can grow fruits which have lost the ability to produce seeds like rose Jasmine orange banana
31
Spore formation takes place in __celled organisms
Simple multicellular
32
Non reproductive part of rhizophus
Hyphae
33
Reproductive part of rhizophus
Blob called Sporangia
34
Mode of reproduction in rhizophus knwn as bread mould
Spore formation
35
Spores are covered with __
Thick protective layer which protects them until they come in contact with moist surface so that they can grow
36
Sexual reproduction
2 parents Offspring not identical to parents due to variation Gamete have half number of chromosomes Seen in most multicellular plants n animals
37
Male gamete
Sperm produced by testis ( motile )
38
Female gamete
Ova or egg produced by ovaries ( non motile )
39
Fertilization process development in humans
Gametes fuse to form > zygote>embryo>fetues>baby
40
Puberty age for girls
10-14
41
Puberty age for boys
12-16
42
Y does sperm formation takes place outside the body
Testis present in scrotum sac outside the abdominal cavity to provide low temp wrt normal body temp for sperm production
43
Male repro system procedure
Sperm ( from testis present in scrotum sac)> vas deference>urethra ( common passage for urine n sperm)
44
Glands in male repro system
1. Seminal vesicles 2. Prostrate gland
45
Fluids from prostrate n seminal vesicle helps in
Providing nutrition to sperm Helps in providing motility
46
Sperms are produced in testes where ? S
Seminiferous tubules
47
Sperms mature in
Epididymes tissue
48
Testosterone hormone produced by
Leydig cells or interstitial cells
49
Leydig cells or interstitial cells are present in
Seminiferous tubules ( testis)
50
Female germ cell mature when ?
When a girl is born it has immature germ cells ( eggs) . On puberty they become mature
51
Each ovary produces how many eggs
One egg produced one month by one of the ovaries
52
Fusion or fertiliization takes place
In oviduct or fallopian tube
53
Embryo is embedded ( after fertiliization )
In uterus or womb where it develops into feutus
54
Placenta
Provides nutrition for the growth of embryo or baby n expels waste produced by baby . On embryo side it has villi and on mother's side it is richly supplied with blood ( blood spaces surrounding villi)- to provide larger surface area for exchange of O2 n glucose .
55
Development of child inside mother takes
9 months
56
Female reproductive organ
Ovaries> fallopian tube> uterus> cervix>vagina
57
Zygote formed in
Fallopian tubes
58
Where is placenta found
Embedded in uterine walls
59
Villi in placenta help in
Increasing the surface area for exchange
60
Menstrual cycle
On no fertilization the inner linings of the uterus breakdown through vagina every month
61
Avg days of menstruation
2-8 days ( 4 days on average)
62
Reproductive health deals with
-preventing unwanted pregnancies -preventing STD
63
Bacteria caused STD
Gnnorhea Syphilis
64
Virus causes STD
HIV Aids Wartz
65
Preventive methods
1.barrier 2. Copper T 3. Surgical methods 4.Pills
66
Barrier method
Condoms for male n females Prevents unwanted pregnancies n upto an extent transmission of STD No major side-effect
67
Pills
They change the hormonal balance so that the egg is not produced n fertilization can't occur High side effects
68
Copper T /loop
High side effects Can lead to infection Embedded in uterine walls
69
Surgical methods
Vasectomy Tubal ligation Abortion They will create blocks to avoid fertilisation Prevents unwanted pregnancies
70
Reproduction in plant takes place via
Pollination
71
Pollinating agents
Air Water Wind Insects Animals
72
Types of pollination
Self n cross
73
Flowering plants which can bear seed are called Angio
Angiosperms
74
In plants fertilization takes place in
Only Angiosperms
75
Reproductive parts of plants
Stamen n Pistil
76
Stamen contains
Anther and filament
77
Male germ cell produced in plants where
Anther in stamen
78
Female germ cells produced where in plants
Ovary ( contains many eggs or ovules )
79
Female reproductive part of plant
Stigma( sticky)> Style > Ovary
80
Pistil is also called as
Carpel
80
Pistil is also called as
Carpel
80
Pistil is also called as
Carpel ( present at centre of the flower )
81
Function of petal
82
Function of sepal
83
What turns into a fruit or a plant
Seed ( result of fertilization)
84
Unisexual plants exampls
Papaya Watermelon
84
Unisexual plants exampls
Papaya Watermelon
85
Bisexual plants example
Hibiscus Mustard

Biology (8 decks)

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