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Biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 parts of the microscope ?

A

Eyepiece

Objective lenses

Arm

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2
Q

How do you work out magnification ?

A

Magnification = size of image / real size of image

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3
Q

Risks of looking down a microscope ?

A

The illumination may be too bright

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4
Q

Whats the method to using a microscope ?

A

Rotate the objective lenses to set the lense

Focus the microscope using the focusing knob

place the slip on the slides make sure its secure

Then use the focus knob to choose how you look at the cell

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5
Q

With are the two types of microscope ?

A

Light microscope

Electron microscope

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6
Q

What are 5 parts of an animal cell ?

A

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosome

Mitochondrion

cell membrane

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7
Q

Whats the function of cytoplasm ?

A

It is where many of the chemical reactions happen

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8
Q

Whats the function of the nucleus ?

A

Contains genetic information and controls the cell

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9
Q

Whats the function of the cell membrane ?

A

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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10
Q

Whats the function of the Mitochondria ?

A

Where energy is released for respiration

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11
Q

Whats the function of ribosomes ?

A

Protein synthesis

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12
Q

what’s in Plant cell ?

A

Cytoplasm

Nucleus’s

Ribosome

Vacuole

Mitochondrion

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Chloroplast

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13
Q

What’s in a plant cell but not in a animal cell ?

A

Cell wall

Chloroplasts

Vacuole

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14
Q

What’s used to see inside cells ?

A

Electron microscope

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15
Q

What’s the function of a chloroplast in a plant cell ?

A

green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

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16
Q

What the function of a cell wall in a plant cell ?

A

Strengthens the cell and supports the plant

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17
Q

What’s the function of the vacuole ?

A

Contains the cell sap

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18
Q

Whats are bacteria cells called ?

A

Prokaryotes

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19
Q

What are the two types of cell called ?

A

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes cells

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20
Q

What cells are animal and plant cells ?

A

Eukaryotic

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21
Q

Whats bigger eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells ?

A

Prokaryotic

22
Q

What type of cell division happens in a prokaryotic cell ?

A

Mitosis

23
Q

What type of cell division happens in a eukaryotic cell ?

A

Binary fusion

24
Q

What are two parts of a sperm cell ?

A

Tail

Nucleus

25
Q

Why does a sperm cell contain genetic material ?

A

For fertilisation of the egg

26
Q

What are two different parts of a nerve cell ?

A

Dendrite

Nucleus

27
Q

what’s are the 3 types of muscle ?

A

Heart

Muscle

Skeletal

28
Q

why does the root hair cell have a large surface area ?

A

The root hair cell has a large surface area to provide contact with soil water

29
Q

what do chromosomes carry ?

A

DNA

30
Q

Why does mitosis happen ?

A

mitosis ensures that when a cell divides each new cell produced has the same genetic information

31
Q

where are the chromosomes ?

A

Nucleus

32
Q

How many individual chromosomes does a human body contain ?

A

46

33
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes does a human body contain ?

A

23

34
Q

What chromosome pairs do women/females carry ?

A

X X

35
Q

What chromosome pairs do men/males carry ?

A

X Y

36
Q

name the cell cycle ?

A

The cell begins to divide

The DNA replicates itself in two pairs

They divide into two identical cells part with part of each pair each in each cell

37
Q

what is a stem cell ?

A

A cell that is not specialised

38
Q

where are adult stem cells found ?

A

In some adults brains, blood or bone marrow

39
Q

What’s useful about adult stem cells ?

A

They can differentiate into other cells so they’re useful for medical

40
Q

what type of cell is a nerve cell ?

A

Specialised

41
Q

What different about plant cells ?

A

They can be genetically modified and cloned to make more plants

42
Q

What can human stem cells be used for ?

A

Medical conditions and diseases

E.g type 1 diabetes and brain conditions

43
Q

What can adult stem cells be used for ?

A

Bone marrow transplants

44
Q

What are some clinical problems with adult stem cells being used in medicine ?

A

Mutations

Very hard to find

45
Q

Whats diffusion ?

A

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

46
Q

What’s the definition of active transport ?

A

Active transport is the movement of particles from a low to a high concentration using energy

47
Q

What’s the definition of osmosis ?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

48
Q

What is some examples of where diffusion takes place ?

A

lungs

Cells

Leaf

49
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion ?

A

The particles move faster so they mix more quickly

E.g the hot air and deodorant

50
Q

How do substances move into pants ?

A

Osmosis

51
Q

Whats the method for the osmosis practical ?

A
  1. Prepare a range of (sugar) solutions.
  2. Gather 1 other water solutions
  3. Weight the potato before put in each solution
  4. Once its been in the the solution for a selected amount of time take out and pat dry
  5. Once pat dry weigh and see difference in weight
  6. Draw a graph with results

Biology (7 decks)

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