Cell Biology Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
What’s the function of the nucleus
A
Controls cell activities
2
Q
What’s the definition of the cell membrane
A
Control which substances can enter and exit the cell
3
Q
What’s the function of the mitochondria
A
Where aerobic respiration takes place. Where energy is made
4
Q
What’s the definition of the ribosomes
A
Site of protein synthesis
5
Q
What do both animal and plant cells contain
A
Nucleus
cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
6
Q
What do plant cells have that animal cells do not have
A
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Permanent vacuole
7
Q
What’s the function of the cell wall ( cellulose)
A
Gives structure and support to the plant cell
8
Q
What is the mixture that the vacuole contains
A
Sugars salts and water
9
Q
What’s the function/definition of the vacuole
A
Contains cell sap
10
Q
What’s the function of the chloroplast
A
Site of photosynthesis
11
Q
What does unicellular mean
A
organism with one cell
12
Q
Is bacteria multicellular or unicellular
A
Unicellular
13
Q
Is plant cell multicellular or unicellular
A
Multicellular
14
Q
Is animal cell multicellular or unicellular
A
Multicellular
15
Q
What is cell wall made out of in the plant cell is it the same in material and fungal
A
No it’s made out of cellulose
16
Q
What is contained in the bacterial cell
A
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Circular strand of dna
Plasmid
Flagella
17
Q
What’s the function of the circular strand of dna in a bacterial cell
A
Genes they need to survive + reproduce
18
Q
Tell me about plasmids
A
Their antibiotic resistance
Extra genes
19
Q
What’s the function of the flagella
A
Propel the bacteria
20
Q
What’s examples of plant cells
A
Oak leaves
Maple leaves
Asparagus
Basil
Onion
Cucumber
21
Q
What’s examples of animal cells
A
Red Blood cells
Skin cells
Brain cells
Stem cells
Muscle cells
22
Q
What does the nucleus contain
A
Genetic material / DNA
23
Q
Definition of a cellulose
A
Carbohydrate found in plant cell wall
24
Q
Definition of plasmid
A
Small Circle of DNA ( bacterial only )
25
Name one structure found only in green plant cells
Chloroplast
26
Dose root cells which is a plant cell have chloroplast
No because it’s found underground and is not green
27
Fill in blanks in notes cell biology one
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28
Fill in blanks in notes cell biology two
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29
Fill in blanks in notes cell biology 3
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30
Fill in blanks in notes cell biology 4
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31
Name the type of cells that have a cell wall
Bacterial
fungal
plant cell.
32
Where is DNA found within a bacterial cell
Plasmid
33
What cell types contain a cell wall made up of cellulose
Plant cell
34
Give a names example of a unicellular and multicellular organism
Unicellular- bacteria, yeast, fungal
Multi-cellular- human, dog, oak tree
35
What does total magnification =
Eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification
36
What does 1 millimetres (mm) = in micrometers (um)
1000
37
What is 1um in millimetres
0.001
38
How do you convert from micrometers (um) into millimetre( mm)
Divide by 1000
39
How do you convert from millimetres (mm) into micrometer ( um)
Divide by 1000
40
What’s the step of calculating cell size
1. Measure the diameter of the field of view
2. Count how many cells are along the diameter of the field of view
3. Divide the diameter of the field of view by the number of cells
41
Given that a red blood cell in 7um in diameter, list the three different cell types in decreasing order of size
Rhubarb - 0.04mm
Cheek cell - 0.1
Rhubarb cell
Cheek cell
Red blood cell
42
What’s the definition of diffusion
The spread of particles from high area concentration to Low area concentration
43
What’s the definition of osmosis
The movement of the water molecules from a region of high concentration through as a selectively permeable membrane
44
Go to notes and fill in blanks of the structure of the cell membrane
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45
Fill in blanks
Diffusion is a _____ process which means that no energy is needed
Passive
46
Fill in blanks
O_____ and g_____ enter a cell by diffusion
C_____ d_____ leaves by cell by diffusion
Oxygen
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
47
Can large molecules still pass through the cell membrane
No some molecules are to large
48
What is the cell membrane describes as
Being selective permeable
49
What’s so the difference of HC and LC called
Concentration gradient
50
Fill in osmosis is in red blood cell in notes
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51
Fill in blanks in osmosis is in plant cell
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52
Examples of active transport
ATP
proteins
Protein pumps/ ions
53
Definition of active transport
Active transport requires energy for membrane proteins to move molecules and ion against the concentration gradient
54
Definition of passive transport
Passive transport occurs down a concentration gradient and goes not require energy
55
Examples of passive transport
Diffusion and osmosis
56
explain why diffusion is important to living things
Diffusion is important to living things because it is the way that molecules are moved form cell to cell
57
WhTz the definition of DNA ( found in nucleus )
DNA carries the genetic information for making proteins ( sometimes preferred to genetic code )
58
Structure of DNA;
Double-stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs
59
Definition of amino acid
Building blocks for a protein
60
What’s the definition of gene
Small section of dna which codes for proteins ( function = code for protein )
61
Label the dna nucleotide in notes
💅
62
What is the thing we remeber for complementary bases
All trains go CHOO CHOO
63
Fill in blanks
A___ in one strand can only pair with t_________ in the other strand
G_______ can only pair with C______
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
64
How many chromosomes are there in a human cell
46
65
What is the name given to a persons 23 chromosomes
Human karoytypes
66
What is the double handed DNA molecule that is then twisted to form shape described as
Double helix
67
Fill in gaps
Complementary ____ Paris are help together by ____ bonds
Bases
helix
68
A DNA molecule consisted of 1200 subunits of which 500 are guanine bases. How many of the subunits in this DNA molecule will by Thymine
100
69
If a DNA molecule contains 4000 base molecules and 1200 of there are adenine then the percentage number of guanine bases present in the molecule is?
20%
70
What are proteins made up of
Amino acids
71
If a sequence of DNA was as follows what would its complementary base pairs be
ATGTGACTCCATAG
TACACTGAGGATC
72
What’s the steps of protein photosynthesiation
mRNA—————ribosomes—- AA—-protein
…nucleus from dna
73
The sequences of amino acids arise from what?
The variety of protein shapes and functions
74
What are proteins many functions
Structural, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and receptors
75
What are enzymes function
As a biology catalyst made up of all living cells. They speed up cellular reactions and are unchanged in the process
76
Finish the sentence
The shape of an active site ….
Is complementary to its specific substrate(s)
77
What does enzyme action results in
Product(s)
78
What reactions can enzymes be involved in
Synthesis and degradation
79
Fill the word
Each enzyme is most active in its ______ condition
Optimum
80
What factors can enzyme and other proteins be affected by
Temperature and pH
81
When enzymes are denatured what does this result to
In a change in their shape which will affect the rate of reaction
82
Finish the sentence
Genetic information Can be
Transferred from one cell to another by genetic engineering
83
What’s the stages of genetic engineering
Identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome; extract required gene; extract plasmid from the bacterial cell; insert required gene into bacterial plasmid; insert plasmid into host bacterial cell to produce a genetically modified (GM) organism
84
Genetic engineering used what in the process
Enzymes
85
Full in gaps
The chemical ______ stored in ____ must be released by all ____ through a series of ______ reaction called respiration
Energy
Glucose
Cells
Enzyme- controlled reaction
86
The energy released from the break down of glucose is used to generate what?
ATP
87
What can the energy transferred by ATP used for
Cellular activities such as muscle cells contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and transmission of nerve impulses
88
What is glucose broke down to
Two molecules of pyruvate
89
When glucose is broken down to two molecules of pyruvate JSUT exactly how much energy is released
Realising enough energy to yield two molecules of ATP
90
What does glucose depend on if further breaking down
Depends upon the presence/abscene of oxygen
91
If oxygen is present in the break down of glucose what happens
Aerobic respiration takes place and each pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and water releasing enough energy to yield a large number of ATP molecules
92
When glucose is broken down what happens if oxygen is absence
The fermentation path way takes place. In animal cells the pyruvate molecules are converted to lactate and in plant and yeast cells they are converted to carbon dioxide and ethanol.
93
Where does respiration begain
In the cytoplasm
94
Finish the sentence
Mute process of fermentation is completed in the ————— where aerobic respiration is completed in the _________
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
95
How much molecules of atp is yields via the breakdown of each glucose from the fermentation path way
The breakdown of each glucose molecule via the fermentation pathway yields only the intial two molecules of ATP
96
How much does presence of oxygen realising energy yield when it comes to ATP molecules
Realising enough needy to yield a large number of ATP molecules
