Cell Biology

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

Structural and functional units of all living things

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells are

Answer 3

Animal and plant cells- unlike prokaryotic cells they have a nucleus, membrane bound organelles

Question 4

Functions of the cell membrane

Answer 4

Selective barriers
Forms a structural base

Question 5

What is the function of cytoskeleton

Answer 5

Scaffolding made up of proteins

Question 6

Three major classes of cytoskeleton proteins

Answer 6

I. Intermediate filaments- position nucleus
II. Actin micro filaments- structure support
III. Microtubles- transport and mitosis

Question 7

Function of rER

Answer 7

protein synthesis

Question 8

Function of sER

Answer 8

synthesis of lipids, steroids and carbohydrate
Metabolism of exogenous substances eg. Drugs, toxins

Question 9

Function of Golgi body

Answer 9

Proteins get packaged and secreated from the Golgi complex

Question 10

Function of the mitochondria

Answer 10

Generates ATP
Part of cell death, signalling, cell differentiation and growth

Question 11

Function of lysosomes

Answer 11

Digestion of most chemical compounds

Question 12

What controls cell growth?

Answer 12

CDK- cyclin dependant linases

Question 14

Medical issues with cell division

Answer 14

Uncontrolled cell division can cause more mutations causing disease like cancer

Question 15

The phases of cell division

Answer 15

G1- cell growth and prepares for DNA replication
S- DNA replication occurs, chromosomes repudiate
G2- checks DNA for errors

Question 16

Phases of mitosis

Answer 16

Interphase-

Prophase-

Metaphase-

Anaphase-

Telophase-

Cytokinesis-

Question 17

What is cytokinesis

Answer 17

Final step of mitosis. Division of the cytoplasm. Actin filaments pitches the cell membrane deciding the cytomplams into two equal parts= daughter cells

Question 18

What is telophase

Answer 18

Second to last stage of mitosis-
Two new nuclear envelopes appear around each set of chromosomes

Question 19

What is the anaphase

Answer 19

Fourth stage of mitosis-
Chromosomes separate via the spindle fibers shortening

Question 20

What is the interphase

Answer 20

The first stage of mitosis-
G1,S,G2

Question 21

What is the prophase?

Answer 21

The start of mitosis. Nuclear envelope breaks down. The centisomes start moving to opposite sides of the cell

Question 22

What is the Metaphase

Answer 22

Chromosomes align and spider fibers attach to the center meter of the chromosome via the kinetochores

Question 23

What is active transport?

Answer 23

Absolute moves against its concentration (requires ATP)

Question 24

What is passive transport

Answer 24

A solute moves across a membrane down its concentration gradient

Question 25

What is simple diffusion

Answer 25

Gradients from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 26

What is cell channels

Answer 26

Selective group of molecules are allowed through

Question 27

What is transport

Answer 27

Binds the monocle on a protein that will change its shape and cross the cell membrane down

Question 28

What is primary active transport

Answer 28

Active transporters use ATP hydrolysis to drive transpoet

Question 29

What is secondary active transport?

Answer 29

Uses the ion gradients to set up (by primary transport) processes (ALLOWS TWO THINGS AT ONCE)