Pregnancy

Question 1

When can neonates stand?

Answer 1

10 days

Question 2

How long are the neonates eyes closed?

Answer 2

10-14 days

Question 3

How long are the neonates ears closed?

Answer 3

18 days

Question 4

What are key medical points about neonatal patients

Answer 4

May display irregular respiratory patterns for the first few days

Immune system is underdeveloped

Humans shouldn’t get too involved with these patients unless need medical attention

Question 5

Items needed for parturition/ caesarean and why (7)

Answer 5

Clean dry towels- stimulate baby
Clamps- tie umbilical cord
Suction- rid of fluid in oral cavity
Incubator- warm and safe, if mum is under neonates need a safe environment
O2- problems with respiratory
Small face masks- for neonates O2
Heat pad/ lamp/ect- neonate and mothers who are under cannot regulate there own temperature

Question 6

Temp for neonatal patients

Answer 6

30-33°C for 24hours
Then 23-30°C 4-5 days

Question 7

Weight gain for neonates each day

Answer 7

5%

Question 8

How often do neonates need to feed

Answer 8

Short feeds every 2-3 hours for the first 5 days
5< should be every 4 hours

Question 9

Neonates movement look like

Answer 9

Sleeping 80% of the time in an active sleep (twitching), no movement until 7-10days, lifting head at 3 days

Question 10

When do neonates need colostrum

Answer 10

Within 12 hours

Question 11

What to consider while bottle feeding a neonate

Answer 11

Swallowing not inhaling
Encourage natural suckling
Appropriate teat or syringe

Question 12

What temp should the milk be?

Answer 12

37-39°C

Question 13

How often do neonates

Question 14

Why may mobility be compromised in recumbent patients

Answer 14

Spinal injury or disease
Osteoarthritis/ joint disease
Muscular disease
Fractures
Critical care

Question 15

how will the recumbent patients be managed

Answer 15

eating drinking, need to help hand feeding, raising up, feeding tubes
extretions, offering the chance to go outside, urinary catheter, cleaning them if poo or pee on them
temp regulation- monitor,
sleeping and resting and comfortable
breathing- often be turned every 4-6 hours, giving each lung a chance to expand

Question 16

three equipment to help assist recumbent patients

Answer 16

moveable hoist, wheel chairs, sling

Question 17

considerations of nursing geriatric

Answer 17

Less able to adapt to change
Loss of sensory organs (sight and hearing)
Loss of sight may need— use of touch and keeping of a routine
Loss of hearing may need—use of hand signal?
Pre-existing disease e.g. kidney/ liver/ cardiac
Slow to recover
Poor muscle coverage- painful joints
May require more sleep/rest

Question 18

Why May Mobil

Question 19

what does mentation mean

Answer 19

mental activity

Question 20

Lethargic definition

Answer 20

responsive when awake – but mostly sleeping

Question 21

Obtunded definition

Answer 21

moderate stimuli for reaction – responds slowly

Question 22

Stuporous definition

Answer 22

vigorous stimuli required for response (sleep a lot of time but can respond to painful/ large stimuli)

Question 23

Coma definition

Answer 23

No response to external stimuli, no voluntary movement

Question 24

nursing care of the comatose/weak patient

Answer 24

Clear and precise monitoring regularly
Padded, supportive bedding
Intravenous catheter care
Bladder management
Eye and oral care
TLC!

Question 25

the prosses of normal mating with dogs

Answer 25

Introduce gradually- keep dog on a lead Normal play activity for a few minutes Bitch stands with tail deviation Dog mounts/thrusts/dismounts Then he turns 180 degrees so they are standing tail to tail “tied” Bitch is then taken away first Dog will lick to help penis re-enter its sheath

Question 26

how can you tell the tie is complete

Answer 26

The swelling of the bulbourethral glands subsides Dog and bitch will separate- Mating is now over

Question 27

what to check after dog mating

Answer 27

Check both dogs over for any bleeding Small amount of blood-stained fluid is normal

Question 28

how long is gestation in a bitch

Answer 28

64-66 days

Question 29

how long can dogs sperm remain fertile for in the female tract

Answer 29

8 days

Question 30

what are the clinical signs of pregancy

Answer 30

– Increased bodyweight/abdominal enlargement – Reduced appetite and vulval discharge around 1 month – Mammary gland enlargement and reddening from 40 days – Lactation – varies, can be from day 40 or just before parturition – Reduced PCV

Question 31

what is normocytic/normochromic anaemia

Answer 31

Plasma volume increasing quicker than RBC mass

Question 32

types of pregnancy diagnosis- bitch

Answer 32

abdominal palpation (1 month after mating) ultrasound (best 28days onwards) radiography (45 days) hormonal testing (22-27 days post mating)

Question 33

food requirements for a pregnant bitch

Answer 33

Increase Calorie Intake through the pregnancy (after day 30), high-quality protein and increase carbs, no need to supplement vitamin D and/or calcium, fed little and often

Question 34

exercise requirements for a pregnant bitch

Answer 34

"follow her lead", short/ multiple works through out the day, regular exercises

Question 35

parasite control for a pregnant bitch

Answer 35

Worms- ensure she has been wormed as they can pass to the foetuses

Question 36

nesting areas for a pregnant bitch

Answer 36

Make sure she has her smell, is comfortable (blankets and towels), big enough for the puppies to prevent escapism and allow them to grow, and has suitable location- dull, calm, quiet

Question 37

hygiene for a pregnant bitch

Answer 37

clean as possible, long hair- remove around admin, nipples and perineum,

Question 38

normal mating in cats

Answer 38

Much quicker process than in canines Male will approach from the side or back Male grasps female scruff in his mouth Queen will lower chest, elevate pelvic region and deviate her tail Queen often let out a loud cry at point of intromission– May roll, turn and strike at the male Queen then exhibits a marked postcoital reaction and will not allow further matin

Question 39

how long is queens gestation

Answer 39

64-68days

Question 40

clinical signs of pregancy in queens

Answer 40

Increased bodyweight and abdominal enlargement– Mammary development = Swollen, pink nipples from 3wks (pinking up) Vomiting– Increased appetite Sleeping more Behavioural changes – more affectionate

Question 41

types of pregnancy diagnosis- queen

Answer 41

Abdominal palpation- day 21-30 after mating Ultrasound 12 days after mating– For fetal heartbeats Radiography from day 30– mineralization from day 40– best method for determining litter size Hormonal testing – Relaxin– 20 days after mating

Question 42

care reqirements for the queen

Answer 42

Same as for the bitch increase of food intake -Carbohydrate and protein requirements increase during second half of pregnancy Good quality balanced diet, no need for supplementation Routine exercise allowance, limited by the queen herself Routine vaccination up to date prior to mating worming post kittening

Question 43

causes of resorption and abortion

Answer 43

infectious agents trauma foetal defects maternal environment eg. puppy farms