Cell Biology

Question 1

What is a Eukaryote cell ?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cell contains a cell membrane,cytoplasm and nucleus which is filled with DNA ( can only be found in plants and animals)

Question 2

What is a prokaryote cell?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller and have a cyroplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall however they have no nucleus but have 1 or more rings of DNA ( can only be found in bacteria cells )

Question 3

What type of cells does an animal cell contain?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

Question 4

What type of cells does a plant cell contain?

Answer 4

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 5

What is a cytoplasm

Answer 5

A gel like substance that contains enzymes and is where most chemical reactions happen

Question 6

What is a nucleus

Answer 6

Contains genetic info that controls the cell activity

Question 7

What is a cell membrane

Answer 7

Holds the cell together and controls what enters and exits

Question 8

What is the mitochondria

Answer 8

Where reactions for aerobic respiration occur and releases energy

Question 9

What is a ribosome

Answer 9

Where protein synthesis takes place

Question 10

What’s the cell wall

Answer 10

Supports and strengthens the cell made from cellulose

Question 11

What’s the permenant vacuole

Answer 11

Holds a weak solution of sugars and salts

Question 12

What’s chloroplasts

Answer 12

Where photosynthesis happens masking food for the plant

Question 13

What is cell specialisation

Answer 13

Where cells develop a specific function and structures to carry out specific tasks within and organism

Question 14

What are 3 examples of cell specialisation

Answer 14

Nerve cells- to send electrical impulses around the body( long to cover more distance )
Muscle cells - to contract muscles ( long so space to contract )
Sperm cells- streamline so they can swim faster ( male dna to female)

Question 15

What is cell differentiation

Answer 15

When a stem cell changes/ develops to become specialised ( as it differentiates it acquires different sub cellular structures to enable its specific function )

Question 16

What’s the equation for magnification

Answer 16

Magnification= size of image\ real
size of object

Question 17

What’s the difference between a light microscope and electron microscope

Answer 17

A light microscope can only see certain things as it has an eyepiece and objective lens well as electron microscopes can reveal structures in cells that aren’t visible within the light microscope

Question 18

What’s the equation for total magnification

Answer 18

Total magnification= eyepiece mag x objective lens mag

Question 19

What is cell division

Answer 19

Where a parent cell divides into two daughter cells

Question 20

What is mitosis

Answer 20

Where eukaryotic cells replicate chromosomes and divide into two new nuclei

Question 21

What is the cell cycle

Answer 21

1. Cell grows and increases number of subcellular structures
2. DNA replicated to form 2 copies of each chromosome
3. Further growth occurs and DNA is checked for errors and repairs are made
4. Mitosis occurs- chromosomes move apart and nucleus divides
5. Cytoplasm and cell membrane divides to form 2 identical cells

Question 22

How many chromosomes are in humans

Answer 22

23 pairs and 46 in total

Question 23

What are stem cells

Answer 23

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to turn into any kind of cell

Question 24

What can stem cells from human embryos be turned into to

Answer 24

They can be cloned and made to differentiate into many different types of human cells

Question 25

What can stem cells from adult bone marrow be turnt into

Answer 25

They can only turn into some types of cells example mitochondria

Question 26

What are the uses of stem cells

Answer 26

Replacing faulty blood cells Making insulin producing cells Making nerve cells

Question 27

What is therapeutic cloning and advantages and disadvantages

Answer 27

Therapeutic cloning is when and embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient Advantage: embryo can be created quickly in a lab Disadvantage: potential risk of viral infection

Question 28

What is diffusion

Answer 28

Diffusion is when any substance moves from a high concentration to a lower concentration

Question 29

Name a place in the body diffusion occurs

Answer 29

The lungs - oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood

Question 30

Is diffusion a passive or active process

Answer 30

Passive - it does not require energy

Question 31

What factors affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 31

Temperature , concentration gradient, surface area and distance

Question 32

What is meant by concentration gradient

Answer 32

Difference in concentration between two areas

Question 33

Why is diffusion important in cells

Answer 33

It allows substances such as oxygen and nutrients to enter and waste products leave

Question 34

What is osmosis

Answer 34

Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a high water potential to a lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane

Question 35

Is osmosis passive or active

Answer 35

Passive- it does not require energy

Question 36

What is a partially permeable membrane

Answer 36

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through like water but not other ones like solutes

Question 37

What is active transport?

Answer 37

Active transport is the movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration using energy from respiration

Question 38

Is active transport passive or active

Answer 38

It’s active as it requires energy from respiration

Question 39

Why is active transport important in cells

Answer 39

It allows cells to absorb substances they need to survive