Cell Biology Flashcards
(31 cards)
DNA storage and copied here
Nucleus
Compartmentalize functions
Organelles
ICF and organelles
Cytoplasm
ICF only
Cytosol
Selective Barrier “gatekeeper of the cell”
Plasma membrane
Movement of materials between cells (not membrane)
Filtration
Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
Diffusion
Water pressure when pressure inside is greater than pressure outside. Water flows out = “pushing pressure”
Example: capillaries in kidneys
Hydrostatic pressure
- net flow of water across a membrane
- high to low
- low solute to high
- water moves to dilute solute
Osmosis
Total solute concentration (how much stuff) is dissolved in water
Osmolarity
Proportional to solute concentration = pulling pressure
Osmotic pressure
Pressure needed to stop osmosis
Osmotic pressure
- needs carrier
- requires energy (ATP) because movement is against “up” concentration gradient
Active transport
Requires ATP and membrane proteins to make vesicles
Endo/exo
control center
Nucleus
Production and processing
ER
Make ribosomes
DNA -> rRNA -> ribosomes
Nucleolus
Has ribosomes that synthesize proteins; produces plasma membrane
Rough ER
- no ribosomes
- synthesize steroids (ovaries and testies)
- Stores Ca2+ (in muscles)
- Detoxifies alcohol/drugs (in liver)
Smooth ER
- protein factories
- made of rRNA and protein
- translate mRNA into protein
- exist free in cytoplasm and on rough ER
Ribosomes
- sorting and packaging
- receives protein from ER
- sorts, add CH2O
- package into vesicles
Golgi Complex
- recycling centers
- contain enzymes that digest old/foreign materials
- “cell suicide” (apoptosis)
Lysosomes
- powerhouse of the cell
- synthesis ATP
- has own DNA and RNA
Mitochondria
- cell division
- made up of microtubules arranged in set pattern
Centrioles
