Cell Biology Flashcards
(76 cards)
What is a prokaryotic cells characteristics?
Small and simple
What is a eukaryotic cells characteristics?
Complex (bigger than prokaryotic cells)
Include all animal and plant cells
Eukaryotes are…
…organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells
A prokaryote is…
…a prokaryotic cell - it is a single-celled organism.
What does an animal cell contain?
Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Ribosomes
What does a plant cell contain?
Nucleus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cell membrane Ribosomes Cell wall Chloroplasts Permanent vacuole
What is the purpose of the nucleus?
It contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
What is the purpose of mitochondria?
These are where the most of the reactions for AEROBIC respiration take place.
Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
What is the purpose of cytoplasm?
It is a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions
What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What is the purpose of ribosomes?
These are where the proteins are made in the cell
What is the purpose of the (rigid) cell wall?
It is made of cellulose.
It supports the cell and strengthens it together
What is the purpose of chloroplasts?
These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant.
They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis
What is the purpose of the permanent vacuole?
It contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
List the features of a bacteria cell
They are prokaryotes
They don’t have a ‘true’ nucleus - they have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
They can contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
They don’t have chloroplasts or mitochondria
What does a bacteria cell contain?
Cell membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm Circular strand of DNA plasmid
Microscopes let us…
See things that we can’t see with the naked eye
Light microscopes use …
…light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it
They let us see individual cells and large sub cellular structures
Electron microscopes use…
…electrons to form an image.
They have a much higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes.
They let us see much smaller things in more detail.
What is the formula for magnification?
Magnification = image size / real size
/ = divided by
How do you prepare a slide to view onion cells?
1) add a drop of water to the middle of a clean slide
2) cut up and onion and separate it out into layers. Use tweezers to peel of some epidermal tissue from the bottom of one of the layers
3) using the tweezers l, place the epidermal tissue into the water on the slide
4) add a drop of iodine solution
5) place a cover slip on top.
What are the parts of a LIGHT microscope?
Eyepiece Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Light Stage High and low power objective lenses
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
Why do cells differentiate?
To become specialised