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Science cell biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation to work out the real size of an object?

A

Real size=image size/magnification

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2
Q

What 5 things are found in an animal cell

A
  • Cell Membrane
  • Ribosome
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
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3
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell

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4
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

Produces protein for the cell.

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5
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Reaction controlled by enzymes.

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6
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls what happened in the cell

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7
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria

A

Provides energy from respiration.

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8
Q

What are the extra 3 things in a plant cell?

A
  • Chloroplast
  • Cell Wall
  • Vacuole
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9
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast

A

Where photosynthesis takes place

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10
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

Strengthens and contain cellulose

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11
Q

What is the function of the vacuole

A

Contains cell sap

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12
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

They have a cell membrane cytoplasm and genetic material, enclosed within a nucleus

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13
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

It is much smaller they have cytoplasm, a cell wall and a cell membrane the DNA is not included in the nucleus – it is a loop

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14
Q

What do you do if you want to increase the measurement (m-Tm)

What do you do if you want to decrease the measurement (m-Tm)

A

Divide by 1000

Multiply by 1000

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15
Q

What do you do if you want to increase the measurement (m-Pm)

What do you do if you want to decrease the measurement (m-Pm)

A

Multiply by 1000

Divide by 1000

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16
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

How is it adapted

A

Transports oxygen

No nucleus to maximise space in side

17
Q

What is the function of the nerve cell?

How is it adapted?

A

Sends electrical signals to brain

Long and thin to ensure they can reach all parts of the body

18
Q

What is the function of the sperm?

How is it adapted?

A

Fertilises the egg

Lots of mitochondria to produce energy

19
Q

What is the function of the ciliates cell

How is it adapted

A

Removes mucus

Flagella (tiny hairs) allows them to beat move mucus

20
Q

What is the function of the muscle cell

How is it adapted

A

To contract to allow movement

Contains fibres that can slide over each other’s allow muscle to contract

21
Q

What is the function of the palisade

How is it adapted

A

Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

Rectangle shape allows cells to be tightly packed

22
Q

What is a stem cell

A

A stem cell is a cell that hasn’t become a specialised cell

23
Q

Other features of a stem cell:

A
  • can replicate many times

- has the potential to become different types of cells

24
Q

Give advantages and disadvantages for an adult stem cell

A

Advantage: Tissues created have a less chance of being rejected

Disadvantage:multi potency means there is a limit to what it can become

25
Q

Give an advantage and disadvantage for embryonic stem cells

A

Advantage: Embryonic stem cell can differentiate into any kind of cell

Disadvantage: Ethical reasons such as destroying a potential human

26
Q

Advantages of Electronic Microscope:

Disadvantages of Electronic Microscope:

A
  • resolution is 2000x more than a light microscope
  • EM produces 3D images
  • Expensive
  • Need to be highly skilled to create samples
27
Q

What is the first stage of the cell cycle

A

The DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each sub-cellular structures e.g. mitochondria and ribozymes

28
Q

What is the second stage of the cell cycle

A

The chromosomes move apart and the nucleus forms

29
Q

What is the third stage of the cell cycle

A

The cell divides in two

30
Q

What is therapeutic cloning

A

The process of creating stem cells with the same genes as the patient

31
Q

What is a compound

A

A compound is made from 2 or more different elements, bonded together

32
Q

What is Chromatography

A

Chromatography is a physical method of separating a mixture of soluble substances

33
Q

How do you find the retention factor

A

Rf= distance travelled by spot (mm)/ distance between base line and solvent

34
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

It is used to separate crude oil into simpler, more useful mixtures

35
Q

How much charge do Protons, Neutrons and Electrons have

A
  • Protons= +1
  • Neutrons 0
  • Electrons= -1

Science cell biology (2 decks)

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