Cell Biology KA 1,2,3

Question 1

Whats in an animal cell

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Mitochondrion
Cell membrane

Question 2

Whats in a plant cell

Answer 2

Nucleus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast

Question 3

Whats in a fungal cell

Answer 3

Nucleus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Vacuole
Mitochondrion

Question 4

Whats in a bacterial cell

Answer 4

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Chromosome
Plasmid
Cytoplasm

Question 5

What are cell membranes made of

Answer 5

They are made of two layers of phospholipids with proteins embedded on top or going through the phospholipids acting as a chanel

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

Thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Mesh of cellulose fibre that surrounds and supports a plant cell

Question 8

Central Vacuole

Answer 8

Liquid filled sack like structure in a plant cell that regulates the water content of the cell and stores solutes

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

Discus shaped organelle containing green chlorophyll to trap light energy for photosynthesis

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

Fluid or jelly like background material in which may biochemical reactions occur in all cells

Question 11

Micrometer

Answer 11

Unit of length that is 1000th of a millimetre

Question 12

Millimetre

Answer 12

Unit of length that is 1000th of a metre

Question 13

Mitochondrion

Answer 13

Sausage shaped, organelle, responsible for aerobic respiration

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Large, normally spherical structure that contains chromosomes and controls the cell activities

Question 15

Organelle

Answer 15

General term for a functionally, discrete sub cellular structure, normally surrounded by a membrane

Question 16

Plasmid

Answer 16

Tiny circular structure of DNA in a bacterium that can be replicated and transferred between bacteria

Question 17

Ribosome

Answer 17

Tiny structure in a cell cytoplasm that lacks a membrane and is the site of protein synthesis

Question 18

Active

Answer 18

Time describing the transport of molecules or ions against the concentration gradient where energy is required

Question 19

Concentration Gradient

Answer 19

The difference in concentration exists between two regions, resulting in diffusion of molecules

Question 20

Contractile vacuole

Answer 20

Structure used by a unicellular animal to remove excess water gained by osmosis

Question 21

Diffusion

Answer 21

The process involving the movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 22

Osmosis

Answer 22

Net movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 23

Passive

Answer 23

Term describing the transport of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient where no energy is required

Question 24

Phospholipid

Answer 24

Type of molecule, many of which make up a double layer in a cell membrane

Question 25

Plasmolysed

Answer 25

Time describing a plant cell, whose contents have shrunk and pulled away from the cell wall as a result of excessive water loss by osmosis

Question 26

Protein

Answer 26

Type of molecule, many of which arranged as a patchy mosaic in the cell membrane

Question 27

Selectively permeable

Answer 27

Describing a membrane that allows rapid movement through it of a small molecules, such as water, but not large molecules

Question 28

Turgid

Answer 28

Term describing a plant cell or tissue swollen with water taken by osmosis

Question 29

Adenine

Answer 29

Best present in DNA, which is complimentary to thymine

Question 30

Amino acid

Answer 30

Molecular component of protein

Question 31

Base

Answer 31

General term for molecular component of DNA

Question 32

Cytosine

Answer 32

Base present in DNA, which is complimentary to guanine

Question 33

DNA

Answer 33

Type of nucleic acid present in chromosomes

Question 34

Double Helix

Answer 34

Two stranded molecule of DNA wounding into a spiral

Question 35

Gene

Answer 35

A region of DNA on a chromosome, which codes for a protein

Question 36

Genetic code

Answer 36

Molecular language determined by the sequence of bases in a DNA chain

Question 37

Guanine

Answer 37

Base present in DNA, which is complementary to cytosine

Question 38

mRNA

Answer 38

Type of nucleic acid, which carries a complimentary copy of the genetic code from DNA to a ribosome

Question 39

Ribosome

Answer 39

Sub cellular structure, which is the site of protein synthesis

Question 40

Thymine

Answer 40

Best present in DNA, which is complementary to adenine

Question 41

What are some examples of diffusion in cells

Answer 41

Glucose Oxygen Carbon dioxide

Question 42

What are the 3 parts of a DNA Nucleotide

Answer 42

Phosphate Deoxyribose sugar Base

Question 43

Whats a molecule of DNA made of

Answer 43

Two strands that twist around each other to form a double stranded helix shape. This shape is held together by weak hydrogen bonds

Question 44

Whats one difference between DNA and mRNA

Answer 44

mRNA is single stranded It has a Uracil base instead of Thymine It contains a ribose sugar instead of a Deoxyribose sugar