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OPP exam 1 > Cell Biology of Manual Therapies (Heck) > Flashcards

Cell Biology of Manual Therapies (Heck) Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

Superficial fascia

A

Subcutaneous tissue

close to skin

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3
Q

Deep Fascia

A

more dense in structure
associated with muscle, bone, neurovascular tissues
no fat

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4
Q

Retinaculum

A

Associated with tendons

holds tendons in place when crossing a joint

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5
Q

Subserous

A

Lines the body cavities

allows tissues to slip and slide against one another

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6
Q

Bursae

A

Closed sacs of serous membrane capable of secreting fluid for lubrication

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7
Q

Cells of fascia (4)

A

Fibroblast
Macrophage
Mast Cell
Plasma cell

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8
Q

Fibroblast

A

responsive to mechantrasnduction
secrete the components of extracellular matrix
(glycoproteins, precursors of collagen, elastin)

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9
Q

Macrophage

A

Degrade/turnover ECM
secrete cytokines
inflammatory mediators

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10
Q

Mast Cell

A

Vasoactive
recruits cells to location
associated with capillaries

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11
Q

Plasma Cell

A

Produce antibodies

under normal conditions these are in low conc.

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12
Q

Extracellular matrix of fascia

A

Collagens (most abundant)
Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans
Transmembrane proteins interacting with ECM

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13
Q

Fascia Connective tissue types

A

Loose (areolar) CT
Dense Regular Connective
Dense Irregular Connective

Depending on type of CT, fibroblasts response and ability to response is different

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13
Q

Fascia Connective tissue types

A

Loose (areolar) CT
Dense Regular Connective
Dense Irregular Connective

Depending on type of CT, fibroblasts response and ability to response is different

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14
Q

The Fibroblast

A

CT type of cell

Least specialized in the CT family

Interconvertable

Can penetrate matrix and become entangled within it

remodel matrices- goal to achieve tensional homeostasis

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14
Q

Interconvertable nature of fibroblasts

A

can differentiate into any of the CT cell types (cartilage, bone, adipose, smooth muscle)

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14
Q

Cell-Matrix Tension state

A

Dependent upon collagen density, matrix restraint, and growth factors

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14
Q

High cell-matrix tension (wound)

A

Activated fibroblast- make more ECM

Cell proliferation ON

Matrix Biosynthesis ON

Restrained Collagen Matrix

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14
Q

4 dimensions of cellular mechanics

A

Low tension / Pro-Migratory

High Tension / Pro-Migratory

Low Tension / Pro-contractile

High Tension /Pro-contractile

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14
Q

Global matrix remodeling/contraction

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A

The idea that a fibroblast can respond to mechanical stimulation and remodel the entire tissue

14
Q

What happens during global matrix contraction in low tension state

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A

collagen density increases within hours due to PDGF

characteristic fibroblast ruffles

14
Q

High tension state (global matrix contraction)

Study These Flashcards
A

ECM attached to surface and environment is not compressive

therefore cell can transfer energy to external clutch does not need microtubules for support

14
Q

When can fibroblasts migrate

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A

In low tension state

can’t be contracted because it needs its dendritic extensions to move

14
Q

Myofibroblast

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A

Differentiated fibroblast

Adapt contractility activity to level of stress in the surrounding

14
Highly Contractile Myofibroblast
Stress fiber formation Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin
14
Alpha smooth muscle actin
Mechanosensitive protein | Expressed under significant mechanical load
14
Myofibroblast normal physiology
Cell contraction--> participates in wound healing | releases factors located in ECM (such as TGF-beta)
14
TGF beta release
stimulated by mechanical movement of cell Happens when we have contractile cell and stiff high tension matrix that resists contraction of cell
14
Myofibroblast in pathology
Organ fibrosis- release of TGF beta Dupuytren's Contracture- contracture of hand
14
Dupuytren's Contracture
contraction of palmar aponeurosis
14
PDGF
Procontractile and pro-migratory in low tension | Anitcontractilie in high tension
14
TGF-Beta
Myofibroblast differentiation lie latent in ECM pools until released by contracilie mechanisms or proteolytic cleavage
14
Focal adhesions
link ECM with actin cytoskeleton contains integrin allows for downstream signaling transduction to occur mechanical --> kinase cascade (for example)
14
Integrin
transmembrane protein ligand binding causes integrin to cluster and recruit many proteins to the cytosolic domain that then create a mature focal adhesion
14
Methods of mechanical cell stimulation
Compression Static stimuli (tissue stiffness)
14
Stretch
Uniaxial (one direction) Biaxial Equibiaxially
14
Normal function of fibroblasts
Secrete ECM | Wound healing
14
State that fibroblasts exist in normally
Low Tension Includes: Dendritic morphology Network through gap junctions low matrix biosynthesis
14
What happens during global matrix contraction in high tension state
Collagen density increases within hours due to extracellular environment
14
Tensegrity
Tensional integrity unison of tensioned and compressed parts
14
Low tension state (floating matrix) (global matrix contraction)
cells forming dendritic extensions (microtubles and actin) loose floating matrix is more compressive on cell, therefore cell uses its own cytoskeletal elements to act as a clutch
14
Cell signaling involved in mechanotransduction
PDGF LPA S1P TGF-beta
14
LPA
Lysophosphatidic acid induces proliferation procontractile (of fibroblasts) in high tension
14
S1P
Procontractile in high tension environment activated by GF and cytokines induces proliferation and inflammation- stimulates wound healing phospholipid- so paracrine signalling
14
Shear forces
Fluid flow such as cells lining fluid-filled cavities and vessels interstitial flow- generated via compression or inflammation
14
How do cells respond to uniaxial stretch
align along the perpendicular axis of the stretch
14
How do cells respond to biaxial stretch
Multiple directions
14
Subcellular stimulation
Comes from within the cell Myosin V contraction Can transduce signals from the cytoskeleton to the focal adhesions to the ECM

OPP exam 1 (14 decks)

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