Everything from Treatment models on... Flashcards by Andrea Parsons

homeostasis

tendency to stability in the normal body states of the organism

normal response to every day changes in physiologic conditions required for survival

maintained by negative feedback

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allostasis

physical and physiologic adaptations made by the body in response to stress

required for survival

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Allostatic load

stress

environmental challenges causing an organism to adapt to maintain stability

activates the SNS and hypothalmic-pituitary axis

allows for survival short term (flight or fight shit)

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chronic repeated allostatic load….

neuroendocrine adaptations

gradual loss of effectivness of feedback pathways

long term can cause damage to hippocampus

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Damage to hippocampus

spacial awareness and amnesia

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determining allostatic load burden

blood pressure
waist to hip ratio (goes up)
cholesterol
norepinephrine/epinephrine go up
etc.

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High allostatic loads correlate with…

lower cognitive/physical functioning

less room for adaptation

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How does increased allostatic load exert its effects…

Increase SNS activity
Increase BP
increase obesity--> mediated by cortisol
more clot formation
increased atherosclerosis (cholesterol builds up in arteries)

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increased SNS activity causes

HTN
Left ventricular hypertrophy
CHF
atherosclerosis

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Epigenetics and allostatic load

stress effects the expression of DNA via epigenetics

also our stress level can affect future generations

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Functions of OMT

reduces allostatic load

decreases stimulation of nociceptors, mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors

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how does OMT decrease allostatic load

removes mechanical barriers to flow and nerve function

balances ANS

decreased inflammatory markers

increase beta-endorphins

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5 treatment models of OMT

1) Biomechanical/Postural/Structural
2) Neurological
3) Respiratory/Circulatory
4) Metabolic/Nutritional/Bioenergetic
5) Psycho-behavioral

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which treatment model do i use?

Can use more than one…

type of SD
How SD was induced
Sills as osteopath
and WHAT PT WANTS

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how do decrease allostatic load

nutrition, dark chocolate
exercise
sleep
avoid toxins
relationships
OMT

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what does somatic dysfunction do to SNS

increases SNS outflow which leads to increased allostatic load

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how do allopaths look at disease continuum vs. how osteopaths look at disease continuum

Allopaths–> equal between healthy and disease

osteopaths–> larger distance between health and disease because bodies want to be healthy and work to keep us healthy

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what do DO’s do

assist pt’s achieve harmony and homeostasis

we don’t really heal anyone

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average expectancy of doctors

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reccomended amount of physical activity for adults

minimum 30 min moderate/intense activity 5 days per week
OR
minimum of 20 minutes vigorous intensity aerobic activity 3 days per week

must also consider strength training, flexibility, and neuromotor exercises

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how often should you do muscle strength (resistance training) exercises

2-3 days per week

8-12 repititions

rest 48-72 hours between sessions

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how often should you do flexibility exercises

2-3 days per week

for postural stability
hold static stretches 10-30 seconds

repeat each stretch 2-4 times

Benefits of physical activity

burn fat
build additional blood supply
increase cellular energy production (increase mitochondria)
improve inflammatory markers (antiinflammatory)

how does resistance training affect the bodies hormones?

reduces stress hormones of body (like cortisol)

release growth hormone

if you don't exercise....

you smoke long-term costs of obesity may match or exceed those of smoking

what is moderate activity

``` 3.0-5.9 MET's 64-76% maximum heart rate walking 1.5-2.0 miles in 30 minutes 10,000 steps a day needs to occur in bouts lasting at least 10 minutes ```

Commencement and progression of a moderate activity regimen

begin slowly 15 minutes per day increase time, distance and intensity by no more than 10 percent per week

Current reccomendations for fruit and vegetable consumption

9 servings of fruits and vegetables per day for adults (so eat 4.5 cups of fruits and vegetables per day) 5 for children 1 serving is 1/2 cup

why eat fruits and vegetables??

Antioxidant- reduce oxidative stress improve immune function (fewer colds, get better faster) reduce DNA damage- anti-aging

Nutrition choices that improve health

``` reduce sugar reduce saturated fats avoid trans fats reduce corn sunflower, cottonseed or safflower oil increase olive oil or canola oil limit alcohol intake ```

recommended limit on alcohol intake

no more than 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women

health benefits of omega 3's

may decrease exercise induced bronchoconstriction in athletes positive effects on immune function

Vitamin D3

1000-5000 IU/Day may improve cognitive function, reduce asthma and improve immune function

carbohydrate intake reccommendation for athletes

6-10 g/kg body weight per day | need to individualize

protein intake reccommendation

for athletes 1.2-1.7 g/kg weight/day

fats how much?>

range from 20-35 percent of total daily caloric intake

water intake

adults need 10-12 8 oz. glasses per day children need minimum 4-6 8 oz glasses/day begin with 4 eight oz. glasses/day increase 1 glass every 2 days until target reached

Sleep loss results in...

early death elevated cortisol levels increases inflammatory cytokines IL6 contributes to RA, cancer, heart disease, alzheimer's fatigue, irritability

decreased water intake results in...

``` headache constipation fat deposition toxin accumulation heat stroke/heat exhaustion ```

how much sleep?

7-8 hours per night children need 10-12 no TV cool, dark room wake up go to bed same time

Magnesium importance?

magnesium citrate may be used to help with sleep males 420 mg/day females 320 mg/day important for hormones, neurotransmitter and immune function

probiotics benefits

assist in nutrient absorption into bloodstream allow intestinal cells to function properly form barrier against harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites play a role in food allergies eat at least 2-3 servings per day (yogurt)

ergogenic aids

athletes use these to improve their athletic performance over 46 percent of athletes use 1 or more of these

No ergogenic effects

Protein supplements Vitamin C Chromium DHEA

Positive ergogenic effects

``` Caffeine Creatinine Ephedrine Androstenedione Anabolic steroids Human growth homrone Erythropoietin ```

Caffeine

endurance athletes increased time to exhaustion 3-15 mg/kg body weight limits for athletes

creatinine

sprinting high intensity exercises no effect on aerobic training

ephedrine

may result in sudden death due to heat stroke when combined with caffeine can increase speed time to exhaustion and reduced perceived exertion banned

Andro

precursor of testosterone and estrogen banned potentially increase muscle mass and strength

anabolic steroids

``` increase protein synthesis they work combined with weight lifting banned can kill you ```

Human growth hormone

banned protein synthesis and lipolysis many bad side effects

erythropoietin

banned rbc production in bone marrow to increase oxygen delivery death via MI likely/possible

OMM

can help athletes by improving function and motion speedy recovery not banned