Cell Cycle

Question 1

PMAT

Answer 1

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 2

Prophase:

Answer 2

Nuclear envelope dissolves, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes

Question 3

Metaphase

Answer 3

Chromosomes are lined up down center of cell by spindle fibers

Question 4

Anaphase

Answer 4

Sister Chromatids (double stranded chromosomes) are seperated and pulled to opposite sides of cell (double stranded become single stranded)

Question 5

Telophase

Answer 5

Cell begins to split creating hourglass shape. Two nuclei form at opposite ends of cell

Question 6

Cytokinesis

Answer 6

Division of Cytoplasm, everything splits, left w two daughter cells. Part of cell division but not considered part of mitosis.

Question 7

Interphase

Answer 7

Cell prepares for mitosis, cells spend 90% in this phase. Interphase includes G1 stage, S Stage and G2 stage.

Question 8

G1

Answer 8

Cell grows and accumulates nutrients

Question 9

S stage

Answer 9

Synthesis phase, DNA synthesis stage to be specific, replication occurs.

Question 10

G2

Answer 10

More growth, organelles copied, spindle fibers developed

Question 11

G1 Checkpoint

Answer 11

Assesses for proper growth and if cell has required nutrients to continue.

Question 12

G2 Checkpoint

Answer 12

Right before mitosis. Enzymes scan DNA for accurate replication.

Question 13

Metaphase Checkpoint

Answer 13

Checks for proper spindle fibers attachment.

Question 14

What happens if a cell fails a Checkpoint?

Answer 14

Cell will attempt to repair the damage, if cell cannot be repaired it will go through Cell Suicide aka Apoptosis

Question 15

Chromosome

Answer 15

Highly condensed complex of a DNA molecule.

Question 16

Chromatin

Answer 16

Loose uncondenaed complex of DNA and histones

Question 17

Chromatin in Prophase

Answer 17

Chromatin coils, folds, condenses to become a chromosome

Question 18

Karyotype

Answer 18

Visual display of chromosomes in a cell

Question 19

Human Karyotype

Answer 19

23 homologous pairs, 43 total chromosomes

Question 20

(humans) n=?

Answer 20

n=23, so 2n is correct making 46

Question 21

Autosomes

Answer 21

Chromosomes 1-22 of the somatic cells, 23 is a sex chromosome

Question 22

Somatic Cells

Answer 22

Cells of the body, diploid with 23 homologous pairs

Question 23

Germ-Line

Answer 23

Stem cells, perform meiosis to produce gametes. Diploid, reside in testes of males and ovaries of females.

Question 24

Gametes

Answer 24

Used in sexual reproduction, sperm and egg cells, haploid and contain half the genetic information of every chromosome. haploid is 1n.

Question 25

Why do cells divide by mitosis?

Answer 25

Repair and growth, intestinal lining, bone marrow and skin/hair cells are always dividing. Most others don't unless you get a wound or you are a child/adolescent.

Question 26

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 26

Not by meiosis, it is miotic reproduction. Utilizes cloning, creates genetically identical offspring. ex: Binary fission in bacteria, strawberry runners, molds, most protists.