Cell Cycle

Question 1

sex chromosomes

Answer 1

chromosomes that determine the gender of an individual

Question 2

chromatid

Answer 2

half of a chromosome

Question 3

chromatin

Answer 3

uncoiled DNA found inside the nucleus of a cell during normal cell activities

Question 4

karyotype

Answer 4

a picture of all the chromosomes in the cell of an organism

Question 5

diploid

Answer 5

two sets of chromosomes (46 for humans). (2n)

Question 6

haploid

Answer 6

one set or half the number of chromosomes (23 for humans) (1n)

Question 7

binary fission

Answer 7

the division of a prokaryotic cell

Question 8

mitosis

Answer 8

the division of a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus

Question 9

meiosis

Answer 9

Process of producing gametes.

Question 10

cytokinesis

Answer 10

the separation of a cell’s cytoplasm at the end of telophase during mitosis

Question 11

crossing over

Answer 11

the exchange of pieces of chromosomes during meiosis that results in genetic variation.

Question 12

Deletion

Answer 12

part of a chromosome breaks off

Question 13

Inversion

Answer 13

part of a chromosome breaks off and flips

Question 14

Translocation

Answer 14

moving from its original location

Question 15

Zygote

Answer 15

A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual.

Question 16

An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction

Answer 16

provides genetic diversity

Question 17

Gamete

Answer 17

sex cells (egg and sperm cells).

Question 18

Autosome

Answer 18

Chromosomes 1-22 do not determine gender.

Question 19

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 19

Chromosomes of a pair that are the same.

Question 20

Tetrad

Answer 20

Two homologous chromosomes together, four sister chromatids.

Question 21

Crossing-over

Answer 21

When pieces of chromosomes switch resulting in recombined chromosomes.

Question 22

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 22

Last set of chromosomes, determines your gender.

Question 23

Genetic Recombination

Answer 23

Different combinations of genes

Question 24

Independent Assortment

Answer 24

Random distribution of homologous chromosomes (homologues) during meiosis.

Question 25

Spermatogenesis

Answer 25

The process by which gametes are produced in male animals.

Question 26

Oogenesis

Answer 26

The process by which gametes are produced in female animals.

Question 27

Anaphase I

Answer 27

Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 28

Polar Body

Answer 28

Small Cell, very little cytoplasm, formed during oogenesis, eventually dies.

Question 29

Crossing over occurs?

Answer 29

During Prophase I

Question 30

DNA replication occurs?

Answer 30

Prior to prophase I

Question 31

In telophase II cytokinesis results in?

Answer 31

four haploid cells.

Question 32

Nondisjunction

Answer 32

the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II.

Question 33

Gametes have

Answer 33

one allele for each gene.

Question 34

Number of chromosomal duplications in mitosis and meiosis

Answer 34

1;1

Question 35

Number of cell divisions

Answer 35

1;2

Question 36

Number of daughter cells produced

Answer 36

2;4

Question 37

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cells

Answer 37

2n diploid; n haploid

Question 38

How the chromosomes line up during metaphase

Answer 38

single file; Meiosis I: double file | Meiosis II: single file

Question 39

Genetic relationship of the daughter cells to the parent cell

Answer 39

genetically identical; genetically unique

Question 40

Functions performed in the human body

Answer 40

growth, repair and development; production of gametes