Cell Cycle

Question 1

What is responsible for the replacement of defective/dead cells?

Answer 1

Cell Division

Question 2

The genome of a cell is arranged into?

Answer 2

Chromosomes

Question 3

Chromosomes have their name because?

Answer 3

Chroma is the Greek for colour and they are given this name because they can be dyed different colours when being examined.

Question 4

How many of chromosomes are in each human?

Answer 4

2 sets of 23.

Question 5

In all but one process, during cell division, duplicated chromosomes are separated into?

Answer 5

Each daughter cell.

Question 6

Chromatin is made up of?

Answer 6

Protein and DNA

Question 7

When a cell is dividing, chromosomes become?

Answer 7

Increasingly folded and condensed

Question 8

Duplicated chromosomes consist of?

Answer 8

2 genetically identical sister chromatids.

Question 9

Sister chromatids are tightly linked at? And loosely linked at?

Answer 9

A structure called a centromere.

Throughout their lengths.

Question 10

Cell division in multicellular organisms is responsible for?

Answer 10

Growth and development

Question 11

When do sister chromatids separate?

Answer 11

Late in cell division during mitosis.

Question 12

G2 stage always leads to?

Answer 12

Mitotic Phase.

Question 13

Eukaryotic cell cycles consist of?

Answer 13

Interphase & mitosis

Question 14

The interphase stage is made up of?

Answer 14

G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase.

Question 15

S phase consists of?

Answer 15

DNA Synthesis

Question 16

In interphase the cell size increases because?

Answer 16

The genome and organelles are duplicated.

Question 17

New cells are created in?

Answer 17

Cytokinesis.

Question 18

In mitosis, genetic material is?

Answer 18

Partitioned.

Question 19

Chromosome separation takes place in?

Answer 19

The mitotic phase

Question 20

Typical eukaryotic cell cycle in humans takes around?

Answer 20

24 hours to complete.

Question 21

Chromosomes are duplicated during the?

Answer 21

S Phase of interphase.

Question 22

Nucleoli make?

Answer 22

Ribosomal subunits.

Question 23

When does chromosome condensation occur?

Answer 23

Prophase of mitosis.

Question 24

Nucleoli disappears in the?

Answer 24

Mitosis prophase.

Question 25

The centrosomes start moving apart in?

Answer 25

The prophase of mitosis.

Question 26

The first event of prometaphase is?

Answer 26

Nuclear disassembly.

Question 27

In the metaphase the centromeres of each of the chromosomes line up along?

Answer 27

The equator of the cell.

Question 28

The equator of the cell is called what in the metaphase stage?

Answer 28

The metaphase plate.

Question 29

The fourth stage of mitosis is called?

Answer 29

Anaphase

Question 30

Anaphase lasts?

Answer 30

Only a few minutes

Question 31

In anaphase each chromatid becomes?

Answer 31

A chromosome again

Question 32

Cell elongation takes place in?

Answer 32

Anaphase

Question 33

Telophase/cytokinesis takes around?

Answer 33

30mins to an hour.

Question 34

Cancers are recognised but the body as?

Answer 34

Non self.

Question 35

How often are cells divided?

Answer 35

Constantly

Question 36

The mitotic spindle is made of?

Answer 36

Microtubule fibres.

Question 37

Spindle assembly begins at?

Answer 37

The centrosomes.

Question 38

Centrosomes are duplicated during?

Answer 38

Interphase.

Question 39

Centrosomes move apart during prophase and this is powered by?

Answer 39

Microtubule formation.

Question 40

The spindle is complete at the end of?

Answer 40

Prometaphase

Question 41

Both ends of the mitotic spindle connect to?

Answer 41

Kinetchores

Question 42

At anaphase, the links between sister chromatids are?

Answer 42

Severed

Question 43

Kinetchore motor proteins 'walk' along?

Answer 43

Microtubules.

Question 44

The production of too many cells can cause?

Answer 44

Tumours.

Question 45

In cytokinesis, the interaction of actin and myosin leads to?

Answer 45

Deepening of the cleavage furrow

Question 46

In cytokinesis, two daughter cells are produced when?

Answer 46

Cytoplasmic separation occurs

Question 47

In cytokinesis, cells are separated by?

Answer 47

Plasma membrane

Question 48

DNA shouldn't be replicated when?

Answer 48

It's damaged.

Question 49

Which cells never divide?

Answer 49

Muscle and nerve cells.

Question 50

What drives cells into and through the cell cycle?

Answer 50

Specific molecular signals.

Question 51

What is assessed at check points? And what does it determine?

Answer 51

Cell states and determines whether the cell is fit for the cycle to proceed.

Question 52

Is DNA is damaged, the cell cycle...

Answer 52

Arrests

Question 53

How many check points exist in the mitotic phase?

Answer 53

3

Question 54

If a damaged cell replicates, it can cause?

Answer 54

Cancer

Question 55

In mammals, if the cell passes the restriction point it is committed to?

Answer 55

Divide.

Question 56

To pass through the restriction point requires?

Answer 56

The presence of external signals called growth factors or mitogens.

Question 57

If the restriction point isn't passed the cell enters?

Answer 57

G0 state.

Question 58

Can a cell come out of G0?

Answer 58

Some permanently and others can be signalled back into G1.

Question 59

Cyclin protein controls?

Answer 59

The cell cycle.

Question 60

Kinases add?

Answer 60

A phosphate group from ATP on to a protein.

Question 61

What controls S phase onset, progression through S phase and M phase entry?

Answer 61

CDK's (cyclin-dependant kinases).

Question 62

Checks won't happen if?

Answer 62

A mutation occurs that affects the check point and there replication will take place no matter what.

Question 63

Cancer cells pass automatically through what?

Answer 63

The restriction point.

Question 64

Cancers are immortal meaning they?

Answer 64

Carry on reproducing cells indefinitely.

Question 65

What happens in a the process metastsis?

Answer 65

Cancer cells break away from the initial tumour mass and travel through the body.