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Bio - Final - Part 1 > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Two Types of Cell Reproductive Process (2)

A

1) Mitosis

2) Meiosis

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2
Q

Describe mitosis (2)

A

1) Generates diploid cells

2) These are two copies of each chromosome X&Y from mom and dad

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3
Q

Mitosis - Diploid (1)

A

Has two set of chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad

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4
Q

Describe Meiosis (2)

A

1) Generates Haploids Gametes

2) Has ONE SET of chromosomes

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5
Q

Meiosis - Haploid Gametes (1)

A

Cell only has one chromosome

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6
Q

CELL REPRODUCTION BY DIVIDING BY TWO - Unicellular organisms

A

1) Cell division nis the mechanism of reproduction

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7
Q

CELL REPRODUCTION BY DIVIDING BY TWO - Multicellular Organism

A

Cell division enables growth from a fertilized egg

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of Eukaryotes?

A

The mechanism is the same in all Eukaryotes

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9
Q

What are the two phases of the Cell Cycle? (2)

A

1) Interphase

2) Mitotic Phase

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10
Q

What are the two phases of the Cell Cycle - Describe Interphase (4)

A

1) It’s the long growth period between cell division
2) G1: Main growth face
3) S: Synthesis of DNA, DNA is duplicated
4) G2: Final growth and preparation for cell division

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11
Q

What are the two phases of the Cell Cycle - Describe Mitotic Phase (2)

A

1) Mitosis

2) Cytokineses

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12
Q

What are the two phases of the Cell Cycle - Describe Mitotic Phase - Mitosis (2)

A

1) Nuclear Division

2) Duplicated DNA is distributed between 2 daughter cells & the nucleus is divided ***

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13
Q

What are the two phases of the Cell Cycle - Describe - Cytokinesis (2)

A

1) Cytoplasm divides ORGANALLES

2) Like mitosis, two new daughter cells are formed

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14
Q

How long does the complete life cycle of cells take?

A

18-24 hours

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15
Q

How long does Mitosis and Cytokinesis take?

A

Less than 1 hour

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16
Q

What stimulates Go cells to replicate?

A

Hormones

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17
Q

How is human DNA organized, how many chromosomes and pairs?

A

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

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18
Q

Describe DNA replication (2)

A

1) Process of copying DNA prior to cell division ( S phase)

2) Involves making exact copies of all 46 chromosomes

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19
Q

What is a gene? (2)

A

1) Short segment of chromosomal DNA that contain the code, or receipt, for a protein
2) Smalles unit - AKA. functional unit

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20
Q

Name the structure of a chromosome (4)

A

1) Double stranded DNA
2) Histones
3) Nucleosome
4) ChromaTIN
5) Centromere

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21
Q

Name the structure of a chromosome - ChromoTIN

A

Chromatin = Double stranded DNA + Histones

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22
Q

Name the structure of a chromosome -Histones

A

Packages and orders the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes

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23
Q

Name the structure of a chromosome - Nucleosomes

Study These Flashcards
A

a bundle of circles together- circles been histones

24
Q

Replication: Copying DNA before Cell Division (5)

Study These Flashcards
A

1) DNA strands uncoil and unzip
2) Each single strand serves as a template for the creation of a new contemporary strand
3) DNA nucleotides are positioned and linked by DNA polymerase
4) Precise base pairing occurs assuring that exact copy is made (A-T , C-G)
5) Centromeres hold duplicate daughter chromosomes sister chromatids) in place

25
Replication, S: Copying DNA before Cell Division - What are DNA nucleotides
(A-T, C-G) as a whole
26
Replication, S: Copying DNA before Cell Division - How is DNA nucleotides positioned and linked?
Polymerase
27
What is the pairing for DNA nucleotides, but first say your abbreviation story first
Albert Threw Gum Cock | A-T, C-G
28
What holds duplicated daughter cells in place?
Centromeres
29
After replication, the DUPLICATED chromosomes consist of sister chromatids held together by centromeres. What stage would you say this is in the two phases of the cycle? (2)
1) Interphase | 2) G2
30
What happens during Mitosis? (2)
1) The sister chromatids condense and become visible. The the sister chromatids are pulled apart, with one going to each daughter cells. 2) When Mitosis is completed the single chromosome takes on the more dispersed form and is no longer visible
31
When the two strands of DNA molecules unwind and replicates first which of the two phases of the cycle is this? (2)
1) Interphase | 2) S phase
32
What happens in G1? (2)
1) Growth | 2) DNA exist as Chromatins and cannot be seen in a microscope and is not fully compacted
33
Mitosis: Daughter Cells are identical to the parent cells: What happens next?
Nuclear division (mitosis) followed by cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis)
34
Mitosis: Daughter Cells are identical to the parent cells: Name the four stages of Mitosis (4)
1) Prophase 2) Metaphase 3) Anaphase 4) Telophase
35
Mitosis: Daughter Cells are identical to the parent cells: Name the four stages of Mitosis: Prophase
1) The nuclear membrane is dismantled | like college pro dismantled your uni career son
36
Mitosis: Daughter Cells are identical to the parent cells: Name the four stages of Mitosis: Metaphase
1) Chromosomes line up son | Line up to the metal concert lol
37
Mitosis: Daughter Cells are identical to the parent cells: Name the four stages of Mitosis: Anaphase
NUCLEAR materials separate: | Think anal and separating that nuclear ass from going that hard SON
38
Mitosis: Daughter Cells are identical to the parent cells: Name the four stages of Mitosis: Telophase
Cellular materials separate: Think that ass is still separated from you going so hard on the nuclear level, but now it's healed and it's only bad on the CELLULAR level lol
39
Is Cytokinesis involved in Mitosis?
Yes boi
40
In which stage of Mitosis do you first see Centrioles and Mitotic spindles?
Prophase- when sister chromatids are chilling next to the centrioles and mitotic spindles
41
What happens when mitotic spindles attach themselves to the centromeres of the daughter and parent chromosomes and then the centrioles split? What phase is this? what happens next?
1) The daughter and parent chromosomes SEPARATE from each other. One parent and daughter chromosome move opposite to their original pair 2) Anaphase 3) Telophase - new cells
42
Do all human cells divide by mitosis?
yes, except sperm and eggs cells ironically
43
Do body cells have 46 chromosomes a.k.a diploids?
Yes, except sperms and eggs cells
44
Gametes / Haploids represent how many chromosomes? Where are the located?
1) 23 | 2) sperm and eggs cells
45
What biological sequences produce haploids ( gametes)?
Meiosis NOT mitosis
46
Meiosis how many steps? (2)
1) Meiosis I | 2) Meiosis II
47
Describe Meiosis I (4)
1) Prophase 2) Metaphase 3) Anaphase 4) Telophase
48
Describe Meiosis I - Prophase I
Homologous pairs chromosome pair cross over and the spindle apparatus forms w centrioles
49
Describe Meiosis I - Metaphase I
Homologous pairs align on a equatorial plane
50
Describe Meiosis I - Anaphase I
Homologous pairs separate
51
Describe Meiosis I - Telophase I
Cytokinesis occurs and each cell has a haploid number of chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids / 2 daughter cells
52
Describe Meiosis II (4)
Exact same process as Meiosis I except the two Daughter Cells now split and become four haploid Daughter cells 1) Prophase II 2) Metaphase II 3) Anaphase II 4) Telophase II
53
What is the net result from Meiosis two steps?
1) Meiosis I = 2 Daughter cells | 2) Meiosis II = 4 Haploid Daughter cell
54
How is cell replication regulated? (2)
1) interphase ( G1, S, G2) | 2) hormones
55
Name the checkpoints that regulate cell replication in the cell cycle? (3)
1) G1 : restriction point 2) G2: DNA damage checkpoint 3) Mitosis checkpoint: Spindle checkpoint
56
When is repairs attempted?
Cell Cycle checkpoints in particular before replication is completed

Bio - Final - Part 1 (6 decks)

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