Transcription & Translation Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is prior to Transcription & Translation?
Replication - The production of an exact copy of DNA
What comes first ? Translation or Transcription (2)
1) Transcription
2) Write the transcript first before you translate it to the real world ; ‘ )
Describe Transcription? Where does it occur? (2)
1) Process of copying DNA of a gene into a single stranded mRNA
2) Occurs within the the cell nucleus
Describe Transcription- Define mRNA
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid
What is Translation? Where does it occur? (2)
1) Process of converting the mRNA template into one or more proteins
2) Occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosome
Why during translation is the mRNA template converted in the Cytoplasm at the Ribosome?
1) Ribosome is the cite of protein assembly
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s code into FIRST mRNA steps (2)
1) DNA within the region is unwinded
2) RNA Polymerase assist in copying the base sequence in the RNA nucleotides
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s code into mRNA steps - What does the primary script contain (a.2) and what does transcription do to to have a full mRNA? (b.2)
a1) Contains Introns and exons
a2) Introns are edited out, exons remain
BOOM! mRNA is produced
Why is the intro left and extrons edited out?
Introns contains the genetic information for protein, while the extrons are useless and thus we extort
What must occur before transcription part two? (2)
Transcription part 1
1) Unwinding DNA
2) RNA Polymerase assist in copying the base sequence in the RNA nucleotides
In transcription is RNA the primary transcript and the final mRNA?
No, must be edited
Refer to transcription part 1 & 2
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s Code into mRNA (2)
1) The Genetic code is a triplet code
2) Codons
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s Code into mRNA -What does a triplet code mean?
Has 3 nucleotides
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s Code into mRNA -What does a triplet code mean? (2)
1) 3 mRNA bases
2) Code for amino acids or stop sequence
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s Code into mRNA - 64 different codons, but 20 different amino acids - t or f
T
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s Code into mRNA - Codons and amino acids
1) Several codons encode each amino acid
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s Code into mRNA - What is the start codon?
Methionine (AUG)
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s Code into mRNA -What ends each coding sequence? (3)
1) UAA
2) UAG
3) UGA
Transcription: Converting a Gene’s Code into mRNA- a series of codons into amino acids. T or F
T
How to read tables and translate mRNA sequences (3)
1) Regardless of length of start on AUG codon - Methionine
2) Move to codon to the right & find the codon (3 letters) on table
3) repeat until you hit an ending coding sequence. At that point you have a polypeptide
- REPEAT step 1: find AUG then etc etc
Translation: Making a protein from RNA (3)
1) TRANSFER RNA’s (tRNA) transfer amino acids to the ribosome (contain AUG)
2) Ribosome made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein
What does the Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)contain which makes it so special? (2)
1) Contains a site for mRNA, and incoming amino acids - tRNA
2) Enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond
Translation: Making a protein from RNA: Process (3)
1) Initiation
2) Elongation
3) Termination
Translation: Making a protein from RNA: Initiation
Initiator tRNA (carrying methionine AUG), start codon on mRNA, and ribosomal subunit form an initiation complex
