Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Question 1

1. Series of events that occurs in a cell from cell growth and cell division
2. Divided into two phases: Interphase & Mitotic Phase

Answer 1

Cell Cycle

Question 2

1. Where cells grow and DNA replication occurs.
2. Preparatory phase for cell division

Answer 2

Interphase

Question 3

Phases and Checkpoints of the Interphase

Answer 3

1. G1 Phase
2. G1 Checkpoint
3. S Phase
4. G2 Phase
5. G2 Checkpoint
6. M Phase
7. M Checkpoint
8. G0 Phase

Question 4

1. First Gap
2. Cell increase in size and volume
3. Accumulation of building blocks of chromosomal DNA for S and M phase.

Answer 4

G1 Phase

Question 5

1. Restriction Point
2. Determines whether all conditions are favorable for cell division to proceed.
3. Inhibited by p53, p21, and Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb)
4. Stimulate by Cyclin and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK)

Answer 5

G1 Checkpoint

Question 6

1. Synthesis of DNA
2. Uses energy to synthesize and replicate DNA resulting in the formation of identical molecules - Sister Chromatids.

Answer 6

S Phase

Question 7

1. Second Gap
2. Cell increase in size and volume
3. Replenishment of energy used in DNA synthesis

Answer 7

G2 Phase

Question 8

1. Stimulated by cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)
2. Inhibited by p53, p21, and Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb)
3. Ensures that all DNA are completely and correctly replicated.

Answer 8

G2 Checkpoint

Question 9

1. Resting phase or nondividing phase
2. A phase where a cell does not prepare to divide

Answer 9

G0 Phase

Question 10

1. Division of the cell nucleus in somatic body cell
2. Where two new cells are formed.

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

Phases of Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 11

1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
6. Cytokinesis

Question 12

Cell Cycle:
M Phase:
1. Phase where replicated DNA are condensed to form chromosomes

Answer 12

Prophase

Question 13

Phase where:
1. Chromosomes become more condensed
2. Each sister chromatid develops a kinetochore
3. Spindle fibers attaches to the kinetochore of sister chromatids.

Answer 13

Prometaphase

Question 14

Phase where chromosomes align in the middle plane of the cell called the equatorial plane.

Answer 14

Metaphase

Question 15

Phase where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles, this causes the cell to become elongated.

Answer 15

Anaphase

Question 16

Phase where:
1. Chromosomes reach the opposite poles
2. Nuclear envelope forms around the cytoplasm

Answer 16

Telophase

Question 17

Phase where cytoplasm divides to form new cells.

Answer 17

Cytokinesis

Question 18

1. Spindle checkpoint
2. Occurs during metaphase
3. Checks if all spindle fibers are attached to the kinetochore of sister chromatids.

Answer 18

M Checkpoint

Question 19

Differentiate Haploid and Diploid

Answer 19

1. Haploid - have one set of chromatid.
2. Diploid - have two sets of chromatids.

Question 20

Stimulation of the cell cycle by the cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)

Answer 20

Drives the cell through other phases.

Question 21

Cell Cycle:
Inhibition of the cell cycle by p53 & p21

Answer 21

Inhibits apoptosis

Question 22

Programmed cell death by causing cell cycle arrest and DNA repair to prevent cancer.

Answer 22

Apoptosis

Question 23

Inhibition of the cell cycle by retinoblastoma protein (Rb)

Answer 23

1. Checks if there is sufficient nutrients and materials in the cell
2. Checks if the cell is in proper size

Question 24

1. Nuclear division for gametes
2. Divided into two phases
3. A single cell divides to form four new cells

Answer 24

Meiosis

Question 25

Phases of Prophase I in Meiosis I

Answer 25

1. Leptotene 2. Zygotene 3. Pachytene 4. Diplotene 5. Diakinesis

Question 26

Phase in Prophase I where chromosomes begin to condense.

Answer 26

Leptotene

Question 27

Phase in Prophase 1 where the homologous chromosomes will form a synapsis.

Answer 27

Zygotene

Question 28

Chromosomes from both parents that are exact copies of each other.

Answer 28

Homologous Chromosome

Question 29

The pairing and twisting of chromosomes around each other

Answer 29

Synapsis

Question 30

Phases in Prophase I where physical separation of a chromosome region occurs.

Answer 30

Pachytene

Question 31

Phase in Prophase I where separation of the homologous chromosomes except at the site of cross-over called chiasmata.

Answer 31

Diplotene

Question 32

Phase in Prophase I where termination of the chiasmata occurs.

Answer 32

Diakinesis

Question 33

Chromatid number in Interphase

Answer 33

1. Before 46 2. After 92

Question 34

Chromatid number after Mitosis

Answer 34

1. Before 92 2. After 2 Sets of 46

Question 35

Chromatid number in meiosis

Answer 35

1. Before 92 2. After Meiosis I: 2 sets of 46 3. After Meiosis II: 4 sets of 23