Cell division Flashcards
Mitosis
A cell division process that results in new genetically identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
- Asexual reproduction
- Occurs in somatic/non-reproductive cells.
Interphase
- Chromosomes/DNA replicates
- Normal cell activities
Prophase
- Nuclear membrane disappears.
- Chromosomes become visible.
Metaphase
Chromosomes align at middle.
Anaphase
Chromatids separate
Telophase
2 nuclei form
Cytokinesis
- Cell splits into two.
- Result = 2 identical diploid daughter cells.
Meiosis
A cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
- Sexual reproduction.
- Occurs in sperm/egg cells (reproductive cells).
Prophase I
- Chromosomes condense
- Homologous pairs match up.
Metaphase I
Chromosomes line up in homologous pairs.
Anaphase I
Homologous pairs separate.
Telophase I
2 nuclei form.
Cytokinesis I
Cell splits into two.
Prophase II
Chromosomes condense
Metaphase II
Chromosomes line up in the middle.
Anaphase II
Chromatids separate.
Telophase II
2 nuclei form.
Cytokinesis II
- Cells splits into 4.
- Result = 4 haploid daughter cells.
Mitosis only
- Results in identical cells with same number of chromosomes as parent.
- Asexual reproduction.
- Result = diploid.
- Occurs = somatic cells.
- Produces 2 daughter cells.
Mitosis + meiosis (both)
- Results in new cells.
- Starts with a parent cell.
- Result = at least 1 daughter cell.
Meiosis only
- Where crossing over and independent assortment occurs.
- Result = cells with half the number of chromosomes as parent cell.
- Occurs = gametes.
- Result = haploid cells.
- Produces 4 daughter cells.
Diploid
2 copies of each chromosome (2n).
Haploid
1 copy of each chromosome (n).
Homologous
Pair (1 from mum, 1 from dad).
