Cell Division

Question 1

Cell cycle

Answer 1

The series of events that occur in eukaryotic cells from cell formation through the end of cell division

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

Longest phase of the cell cycle. A cell spends > 90% of its time in interphase

Question 3

G1

Answer 3

(Growth 1) First stage of interphase. Cell doubles in size and produces all structures needed for cellular division

Question 4

S

Answer 4

Second stage of interphase. Cell replicates its DNA such that it makes an exact copy of genetic material

Question 5

G2

Answer 5

Third (final) stage of interphase. Cell prepares for cellular division by producing all the final necessary structures

Question 6

Prophase

Answer 6

First stage of mitosis. Nucleolus of nuclear membrane dissapears. Centrioles form spindle fiber apparatus.

Question 7

Metaphase

Answer 7

Second stage of mitosis. Homologous pairs line up at metaphase plate.

Question 8

Anaphase

Answer 8

Third stage of mitosis. Spindle fibers attached at the Kinetochores and pull sister chromatids toward opposite poles

Question 9

Telophase

Answer 9

Fourth (final) stage of mitosis. Chromosomes arrive at poles and begin to decondense. Nuclear membrane+nucleus return

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

Final stage of the cell cycle. Cytoplasm and organelles divide evenly. Animals form cleaveage furrow. Plants form cell plate

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

Deoxyribonucleic acid (genetic material in cells) can be in several forms, such as chromatin, chromosomes, chromatids, etc.

Question 12

Chromatin

Answer 12

Thread-like form of DNA present from end of telophase until replication during synthesis of interphase

Question 13

Chromatid

Answer 13

One half of a homologous pair of chromosomes

Question 14

Sister chromatids

Answer 14

Each half is a sister chromatid to the other. They are genetically identical

Question 15

Chromosome

Answer 15

Condensed form of chromatin. Exist as single chromatids before replication and homologous pairs afterwards.

Question 16

Homologous pair of chromosomes

Answer 16

Identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Each chromatid is identical to the other

Question 17

Centromeres

Answer 17

Structure that joins and holds together homologous pairs of chromosomes

Question 18

Centrioles

Answer 18

Also called centrosomes, are organelles that assemble the spindle fibers during prophase.

Question 19

Spindle fibers

Answer 19

Formed by centrioles/centrosomes. Attach to chromosomes at the kinetochore to move them around the cell

Question 20

Cell plate

Answer 20

Formed in plant cells during cytokinesis to elongate the cell and allow a new cell to form

Question 21

Cleavage furrow

Answer 21

Formed in animal cells during cytokinesis to “pinch apart” the cell membrane into two seperate cells

Question 22

Haploid chromosome #

Answer 22

The chromosome number of the gametes of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) Half the species diploid number

Question 23

Diploid chromosome #

Answer 23

The chromosome number of somatic cells of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) Twice the species haploid number.

Question 24

Gametes

Answer 24

Egg cells in female animals, sperm cells in male animals. Ovule in female plants, pollen grain in male plants.

Question 25

Somatic cells

Answer 25

General body cells (all but reproductive)

Question 26

Sperm

Answer 26

Male gamete- always haploid # (animal cells)

Question 27

Pollen Grain

Answer 27

Male gamete- always haploid # ( plant cell)

Question 28

Egg

Answer 28

Female gamete- always haploid # (animal cells)

Question 29

Ovule

Answer 29

Female gamete- always haploid (plant cells)

Question 30

46 chromosomes

Answer 30

Diploid chromosome # for human somatic cells

Question 31

23 chromosomes

Answer 31

Haploid chromosome # for human gametes

Question 32

Nucleolus

Answer 32

Organelle inside the nucleus that produces ribosomes. DIsappears during mitosis

Question 33

Nuclear membrane

Answer 33

Membrane that surrounds DNA, nucleolus and nucleoplasm. DIssolves during mitosis

Question 34

Apoptosis

Answer 34

Normal, controlled death of cells

Question 35

Parent cell

Answer 35

The original cell that begins the cell cycle right after cytokinesis, which eventually divides into 2 daughter cells

Question 36

Daughter cell

Answer 36

2 cells formed during mitosis that is genetically identical to the parent cell

Question 37

Equatorial/Metaphase plate

Answer 37

Imaginary line through the center of a cell where chromosomes line up during metaphase

Question 38

Condensation of chromatin

Answer 38

Thread like chromatin condenses, shortens, and folds into itself to form thicker, more visible chromosomes.

Question 39

Replication of chromosomes

Answer 39

The exact copying of a cells genetic material during S-phase of interphase

Question 40

Micrograph

Answer 40

A photo taken through a microscope. often used to view cell cycle structures and phases

Question 41

each chromosome contains ___ chromotids

Answer 41

2

Question 42

each chromosome contains ___ chromatids

Answer 42

2

Question 43

during which phase do chromosomes first become visible>

Answer 43

prophase

Question 44

Tetrads

Answer 44

2 homologous pairs joined together (4 chromatids, 2 centromeres)

Question 45

Does meiosis or mitosis occur in plants and animals?

Answer 45

Both

Question 46

Does meiosis or mitosis include binary fission, budding, plantlets, tubers, and runners?

Answer 46

mitosis

Question 47

Does meiosis or mitosis have 8 phases?

Answer 47

meiosis

Question 48

Does meiosis or mitosis produce identical daughter cells?

Answer 48

mitosis

Question 49

Does meiosis or mitosis result in haploid cells?

Answer 49

meiosis

Question 50

Does meiosis or mitosis reproduce cells?

Answer 50

both

Question 51

Does meiosis or mitosis have cellular division occur only once?

Answer 51

mitosis

Question 52

Does meiosis or mitosis form tetrads?

Answer 52

meiosis

Question 53

Does meiosis or mitosis result in 4 daughter cells?

Answer 53

meiosis

Question 54

Does meiosis or mitosis involve crossing over?

Answer 54

meiosis

Question 55

Does meiosis or mitosis start with one parent cell

Answer 55

mitosis

Question 56

Does meiosis or mitosis involve sexual reproduction?

Answer 56

meiosis

Question 57

Does meiosis or mitosis produce genetically different daughter cells from parent cells?

Answer 57

meiosis