midterm exam review

Question 1

what is mass number?

Answer 1

the decimal at the bottom of an elemental square rounded to the nearest whole number.

Question 2

how do you find the number of neutrons an atom will have?

Answer 2

mass number- proton number (proton number is same as atomic number)

Question 3

what are the capacities of the energy levels in an atom?

Answer 3

2, 8, 8, 8

Question 4

What is the determining factor of whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 4

Whether it has membrane-bound organelles- nucleus, nucleolus, etc.

Question 5

lysosomes ____ appear in plant cells

Answer 5

rarely

Question 6

on a heating/cooling curve graph, what type of energy is it when the line is going up/down

Answer 6

kinetic

Question 7

on a heating/cooling curve graph, what type of energy is it when the line is staying the same

Answer 7

potential

Question 8

What is an oxidation/combustion reaction?

Answer 8

when oxygen (O2) is a stand alone reactant on the reactant side of the equation.

Question 9

what is stronger, covalent bonds or ionic bonds?

Answer 9

ionic

Question 10

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 10

when elements share electrons, equal sharing holds compounds together. Usually has either silicon or carbon.

Question 11

what is an ionic bond?

Answer 11

form when elements lose/gain electrons in order to form ions, compounds are held together by the difference in charge. (positive attracts negative) form usually when elements involved are far apart on the PT.

Question 12

what are the 5 types of mixture seperation?

Answer 12

distillation, evaporation, manual separation, filtration, and magnetism

Question 13

what is distillation?

Answer 13

seperating two liquids that have different boiling points.

Question 14

what is evaporation?

Answer 14

boiling away the solvent in a solution and allowing any remaining residue/solute to be seperated

Question 15

what is manual seperation

Answer 15

use of hands/forceps to remove large particles from a mixture.

Question 16

what is filtration

Answer 16

using filter paper to trap larger sized particles while smaller sized particles pass through (like a semi permeable membrane)

Question 17

what is magnetism

Answer 17

use of a magnet to remove metals that have magnetic properties from a mixture

Question 18

what are the 3 types of solution?

Answer 18

solutions, suspensions, and colloids.

Question 19

A. heating graph
B. cooling graph

which of the above graphs show increasing kinetic energy?

Answer 19

A. heating graph

Question 20

if the plateaus of two graphs happen at the same points/ y level, is it the same substance?

Answer 20

yes.

Question 21

if the plateaus of two graphs happen at different points/ y level, is it the same substance?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

in what state of matter do particles not exchange places?

Answer 22

solid

Question 23

O ₂ + C ₂ O —> C ₂ O ₂

what type of a reaction is this?

Answer 23

combustion/oxidation/synthesis

Question 24

what is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 24

matter cannot be created nor destroyed but it can be converted to alternate forms of energy

Question 25

when balancing a chemical equation, do you EVER change subscripts?

Answer 25

nope

Question 26

what is the ____ of protons 1. symbol 2. location 3. charge 4. mass

Answer 26

1. p+ 2. in the nucleus 3. +1 4. 1 amu

Question 27

what is the ____ of neutrons 1. symbol 2. location 3. charge 4. mass

Answer 27

1. n⁰ 2. in the nucleus 3. none/neutral 4. 1 amu

Question 28

what is the ____ of electrons 1. symbol 2. location 3. charge 4. mass

Answer 28

1. e⁻ 2. in electron cloud 3. -1 4. negligible ~0

Question 29

what are valence electrons?

Answer 29

electrons on the outermost energy levels of the electron cloud.

Question 30

Who was john dalton and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

Answer 30

ideas of law of conservation of mass and law of constant composition came from his work. preformed a number of experiments

Question 31

who was JJ thompson and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

Answer 31

provided first hint that an atom is ade of smaller particles. Plum pudding model

Question 32

who was ernest rutherford and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

Answer 32

gold foil model. idea that center of an atom is a nucleus

Question 33

who was neils bohr and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

Answer 33

bohr model. every electron has a space. idea that electrons orbit nucleus

Question 34

who was democritus and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

Answer 34

began search of matter. thought atoms were small hard particles

Question 35

what is a period number?

Answer 35

tell you how many energy levels there will be in an atom. divided into rows

Question 36

what is a group number?/

Answer 36

tell you amount of valence electrons. divided into columns

Question 37

what is atomic number

Answer 37

number at top

Question 38

what is atomic mass

Answer 38

decimal

Question 39

what is element symbol

Answer 39

the letter(s)

Question 40

what is mass number

Answer 40

decimal rounded

Question 41

atoms combine in...?

Answer 41

whole number ratios (no decimals and DEFINITLEY no fractions)

Question 42

what is the universal solvent

Answer 42

water

Question 43

what are the two most reactive metals

Answer 43

francium and flourine

Question 44

what are some properties of metals?

Answer 44

they are shiny, good heat conductors, good electricity conductors, malleable, and ductile.

Question 45

what are some properties of nonmetals

Answer 45

dull, dont conduct heat, dont conduct electricity, brittle, nonmalleable

Question 46

what are some properties of metalloids

Answer 46

have properties of both metals and nonmetals

Question 47

can you see through a colliod or suspension?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

what group # is halogems?

Answer 48

17

Question 49

what group # is alkali metals

Answer 49

1

Question 50

hat group is alkaline earth metals

Answer 50

2

Question 51

the nucleus is ____ charged

Answer 51

positivley

Question 52

how do electrons in the same atom differ?

Answer 52

their energy levels can be different

Question 53

what subatomic particle identifies the element

Answer 53

proton

Question 54

what energy level of the electron cloud allows the atom to bond with others?

Answer 54

the outermost level

Question 55

what type of bond is it where atoms share electrons?

Answer 55

covalent

Question 56

when salt is dissolved in water, is salt the solute or solvent?

Answer 56

solute

Question 57

what is the most reactive element overall?

Answer 57

francium

Question 58

what is group 18

Answer 58

noble gases

Question 59

groups __ and __ easily form bonds together

Answer 59

1, 17