Cell Division

Question 1

Two types of reproduction

Answer 1

• Sexual

- Asexual

Question 2

Advantages of Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

• Does not require genetics

- Fast rate of reproduction

Question 3

Disadvantages of Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

-Lack of Genetic diversity

Question 4

Advantages of Sexual reproduction

Answer 4

-Genetic Diversity

Question 5

Disadvantages of Sexual reproduction

Answer 5

• Gametes require time to develop

- May require opposite sex.

Question 6

In order for cells to carry out life functions, they must have

Answer 6

a complete set of Genetic Instructions

Question 7

What is the composition of Chromosomes?

Answer 7

• Molecule of DNA, which is tightly wrapped

- Proteins

Question 8

Chromosome Proteins

Answer 8

• Histomes (Coil DNA and maintain chromosome shape).

- Non-Histomes (Control activity of specific region of DNA).

Question 9

Chromatid

Answer 9

Half the chromosome that consists of a complete copy of the DNA; sister chromatin are exact copies.

Question 10

DNA is copied before

Answer 10

cell division so that new cells receive a copy.

Question 11

Sex chromosomes determine

Answer 11

the individual sex and carry other genetic instructions.

Question 12

Autozomes are

Answer 12

all the other chromosomes.

Question 13

Female Chromosome combination

Answer 13

XX

Question 14

Male Chromosome combination

Answer 14

XY

Question 15

22 Pairs leads to

Answer 15

44 Chromosomes

Question 16

What are Homologous chromosomes?

Answer 16

pairs of chromosomes where member of each pair is received from each parent.

Question 17

What are the similarities in the pairs of Homologous chromosomes?

Answer 17

• Same size
• Same traits
• Position of centromere

Question 18

What are Karyotypes?

Answer 18

Image of homologous arranged from largest to smallest.

Question 19

Diploid Number/Cell

Answer 19

cells having both members of each homologous pairs.

Question 20

Types of Diploid cells

Answer 20

• Somatic Cells

- Body Cells

Question 21

How many diploid chromosomes to humans and fruit flies have?

Answer 21

Humans: 46 diploid chromosomes

Fruit Flies: 8 diploid chromosomes

Question 22

What is the haploid number?

Answer 22

Cells having 1 member of each pair or half the total.

Question 23

Types of haploid cells

Answer 23

-sex cells (gametes)

Question 24

How many haploid cells do humans and fruit flies have?

Answer 24

Humans: 23 haploid cells

Fruit Flies: 4

Question 25

What is cell division?

Answer 25

Process by which cells produce new cells; offspring.

Question 26

Example prokaryotic organism.

Answer 26

Bacteria

Question 27

Prokaryotic organisms undergo what type of reproduction

Answer 27

Asexual which includes binary fission

Question 28

Cell division in prokaryotes.

Answer 28

Binary fission.

Question 29

Eukaryotic organism have

Answer 29

a membrane bound nucleus and organelle.

Question 30

Example eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 30

Fungus, plants, animals, Protista

Question 31

What are the two types of cell division?

Answer 31

- mitosis | - meiosis

Question 32

What is mitosis?

Answer 32

Nuclear decision resulting in new cells with identical genetic material as the original cell

Question 33

Mitosis occurs in what organisms

Answer 33

Multicellular organisms as part of cell division.

Question 34

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 34

Growth, repairing damaged cells, replacing dead cells.

Question 35

What is meiosis?

Answer 35

Nuclear division creating sex cells.

Question 36

Meiosis also provides

Answer 36

Genetic variety.

Question 37

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 37

The repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell.

Question 38

What is interphase?

Answer 38

The time between cell divisions.

Question 39

Cytokinesis is what?

Answer 39

The division of the cytoplasm.

Question 40

Interphase represents

Answer 40

Most of the lifetime of a cell.

Question 41

What is the first stage of interphase?

Answer 41

-G1 phase: cells grow to mature size. Produces proteins and organelles.

Question 42

G stands for

Answer 42

Gap

Question 43

What is the second stage of interphase?

Answer 43

S phase. Synthesis of DNA (copying of DNA).

Question 44

What is the third stage of interphase

Answer 44

G2 phase: gap between DNA replication and mitosis and the cell prepares for mitosis.

Question 45

What is the fourth stage of interphase?

Answer 45

G0 Phase. Cells that have mature and carry out life functions. - Cells in G0 stage are NOT copying DNA and are not dividing (nerve cells, liver cells).

Question 46

What happens to genetic material in prophase

Answer 46

tightly coils from its chromatin form to its chromosome form.

Question 47

What happens to the nuclear envelope in prophase?

Answer 47

It breaks down

Question 48

What do centrioles do?

Answer 48

separate and spindle fibers form.