Chapter 2B

Question 1

What are inorganic substances

Answer 1

Substances that do not contain chain forming carbon

Question 2

What is the key structural characteristic of water?

Answer 2

Water is Polar (Opposite ends are oppositely charged).

Question 3

How water is Polar?

Answer 3

Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 4

Water leads to the formation of what?

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

Water is an essential reactant for…

Answer 5

many biochemical processes.

EX: photosynthesis

Question 6

Water acts as an essential…

Answer 6

Solvent

Question 7

What is the Solubility principle?

Answer 7

Like dissolves Like

Question 8

Water posseses a high…

Answer 8

Specific heat

(the amound of energy required to change one gram of substance one degree cellius.)

Question 9

High specific heat means…

Answer 9

takes a lot of energy to heat.

Question 10

Water posseses strong adhesive forces.

Answer 10

Sticks to other things

Question 11

Water posses strong cohesive forces

Answer 11

Sticks to itself

Question 12

Cohesive and advesive forces result in ______ and _________ .

Answer 12

Surface tension and Capillary action.

Question 13

What are Minerals (and Salts)

Answer 13

inorganic nutrients the body needs

Question 14

Cakium provides

Answer 14

strong teeth and bones

Question 15

Potassium provides

Answer 15

nerve impulses

Question 16

Iron (Fe) provides

Answer 16

O2 via the hemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 17

Magnesium is required for

Answer 17

Chlorophyl and activating enzymes

Question 18

Inorganic acids and bases must

Answer 18

be monitored for proper functioning of enzymes.

Question 19

Carbon is capable of forming..

Answer 19

4 covalent bonds.

Question 20

Carbon is capable of bonding with other Carbon atoms in complex structures called what….

Question 21

Molecules composed of many monomers

Answer 21

Polymer

Question 22

Compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 23

What is the key structural property of lipids

Answer 23

Lipids are non polar

Question 24

What do lipids do?

Answer 24

Store large amounts of energy

Question 25

What are the functional roles of lipids?

Answer 25

- Steroid Hormones (cholesterol; testosterone). - H20 Proofing.

Question 26

What are the structural roles of lipds? (x3)

Answer 26

- Insulation - Cushion/shock absorption - Forms the cell membrane

Question 27

What are three types of lipids?

Answer 27

- Fats - Oils - Waxes

Question 28

Fats are

Answer 28

- From animals - Saturated - Solid

Question 29

Oils are

Answer 29

- From plants - Unsaturated - Liquids

Question 30

Waxes are

Answer 30

specialized structure for waterproofing.

Question 31

What is the structural composition of common lipids?

Answer 31

- Glycerld - Fatty Acids

Question 32

What is Glycerl?

Answer 32

Structure foundation for lipids contatining 3 carbon atoms.

Question 33

What are fatty acids?

Answer 33

Organic acids that attach to glycerol

Question 34

What are the general types of fatty acids?

Answer 34

- Saturated - Unsaturated - Transfat

Question 35

Saturated fats posses

Answer 35

single bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 36

Unsaturated possess at least

Answer 36

one double bond between carbon

Question 37

Transfat is changing

Answer 37

unsaturated fat to more saturated by breaking double bonds.

Question 38

3 fatty acids attached to glycerol are...

Answer 38

Triglycerides

Question 39

Two fatty acids but also a phosphate group that composes the cell membrane.

Answer 39

Phospholipds

Question 40

Basic types of nucleic acids

Answer 40

- DNA - RNA

Question 41

DNA does what

Answer 41

genetic instructions

Question 42

RNA does what

Answer 42

transfers genetic instructions to cytoplasm

Question 43

Organic molecules that the body needs in very small amounts.

Answer 43

Vitamins

Question 44

Vitamins act as...

Answer 44

coenzymes

Question 45

Different types of vitamins (x2)

Answer 45

- Water-soluable - Fat-soulable

Question 46

What are water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 46

Vitamins that can be dissolved in water but not stored by the body.

Question 47

What are fat-soluable vitamins?

Answer 47

Vitamins that can be dissolved in fat AND BE STORED by the body.

Question 48

What is the building unit/monomer for protiens?

Answer 48

Amino acids

Question 49

How many different kind of amino acids are there?

Answer 49

20+

Question 50

Oraganic acids possess what

Answer 50

Carboxyl

Question 51

Different Amino acids are distinguished by the...

Answer 51

the R Group.

Question 52

Different kinds of proteins are determined by

Answer 52

number and arrangement of amino acids.

Question 53

Polypeptide consists of how many amino acids.

Answer 53

10-50.

Question 54

Stucture of proteins

Answer 54

many polypeptides (amino acids) put together.

Question 55

What is the shape of proteins

Answer 55

they bend and fold into a set shape.

Question 56

The action of enzymes depends upton the atomic _____ and its fit with

Answer 56

The action of enzymes depends upton the atomic SITE and its fit with substances.

Question 57

What certain conditions do enzymes require to function right

Answer 57

Temperature and PH.

Question 58

Compounds containing C,H,O with a ratio of 2:1

Answer 58

Carbohydrates

Question 59

Carbohydrates are a source of

Answer 59

energy for cells

Question 60

Carbohydrates store

Answer 60

energy for plants and animals

Question 61

Carbohydrates build

Answer 61

material for plant tissue

Question 62

Sugar (one sugar) Ex: glucose, fructose, dectrose.

Answer 62

Monosaccharides

Question 63

Two sugars (double sugars) Ex: sucrose (Table sugar), lactose

Answer 63

Disaccharides

Question 64

Many simple sugars Ex: Starch, glycogen

Answer 64

Polysaccharides

Question 65

Compounds containing C,H,O,N

Answer 65

Proteins