Cell division

Question 1

What are gametes

Answer 1

Sex cells eg sperm, ova, pollen

Question 2

What are haploid cells

Answer 2

Describes a cell or nucleus of a gamete that has unpaired set of chromosomes so half the normal number

Question 3

What are diploid cells

Answer 3

Describes a cell or nucleus that has paired sets of chromosomes

Question 4

What’s a gene

Answer 4

A section of a chromosome made from Dna that carries the code to make a protein

Question 5

What are alleles

Answer 5

Two versions of the same gene - one from your mum and one from your dad

Question 6

What type of cell are gamete

Answer 6

Haploid cells

Question 7

What are most cells in your body like

Answer 7

Contain 2 sets of DNA and are so diploid

Question 8

What is DNA

Answer 8

Coiled into chromosomes, humans have 23 pairs (46 total) chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 9

What about animal chromosome numbers

Answer 9

They are can be different to humans

Question 10

How is a chromosome divided

Answer 10

Into genes - each gene carries genetic info to make a protein and therefore make a characteristic

You have 2 copies of each gene (one from each parent) which are alleles

Question 11

What are chromosomes like

Answer 11

Long and thin - they have a point towards the middle where they appear to pinch inwards where no genes are present called the centrometre

Question 12

What’s mitosis

Answer 12

Cell replication that produces two identical copies of a diploid cell

Question 13

What are daughter cells

Answer 13

Cells produced during mitosis

Question 14

What’s a chromatid

Answer 14

A copy of a chromosome during cell division

Question 15

What’s cytokinesis

Answer 15

The final part of the cell cycle after mitosis in which the cell splits in to two, new nuclei formed

Question 16

What’s the interphase

Answer 16

The active life of a cell during which the cell prepares for mitosis

Question 17

What does mitosis do

Answer 17

Make cells to replace dead cell and make cells for growth

Question 18

Is there genetic variation in mitosis

Answer 18

No mother and daughter cell are identical

Question 19

tell me about the prophase

Answer 19

The nucleus disappears, the chromosomes shorten and fatten, chromosomes make copies of them selves

Question 20

Tell me about metaphase

Answer 20

Chromosomes and chromatids line up in centre of cell

Question 21

Tell me about anaphase

Answer 21

Chromosomes pulled to opposite side of cell chromatids are

Question 22

Tell me about the telophase

Answer 22

Cell membrane starts to pinch inwards

Question 23

What’s a stem cell

Answer 23

An undifferentiated cell that can develop into more that one/ one type of specialised cell

Question 24

What’s differentiate

Answer 24

To specialise or adapt to a specific function

Question 25

What's the meristem

Answer 25

An area of a plant in which rapid cell division occurs and stem cells are found, normally in the tip of roots and shoots

Question 26

What's a hormone

Answer 26

A chemical (produced in a gland in mammals) that moves around an organism to change the function of target cell, tissues or organs

Question 27

What's a clone

Answer 27

An organism produced asexually that has identical genes to its parent

Question 28

What's genetic Variation

Answer 28

Inherited differences in organisms

Question 29

What's environmental variation

Answer 29

Differences in organisms as a result of the environment in which they live in

Question 30

What's an ethical issue

Answer 30

An idea some people disagree with for religious and or moral reasons

Question 31

What's in vitro fertilisation (ivf)

Answer 31

A medical procedure in which ova are fertilised outside of a women and placed in uterus to develop a baby

Question 32

What are the two types of stem cells in mammals

Answer 32

Embryonic Stem cells (generic I know right)

Question 33

Tell me about embryonic stem cells

Answer 33

Present when you were a zygote and embryo (between 1 to 9 weeks old) They divide rapidly and can differentiate into any specials cell in body so are toti potent

Question 34

What is | Totipotent

Answer 34

Used to describe Embryonic stem cells as can turn into ANY specialised cells

Question 35

Tell me about generic stem cells in mammals

Answer 35

They grow only in specific parts of body eg bone marrow Used to repair body when injured Multipotent

Question 36

What's multipotent

Answer 36

Used to describe usual stem cells in mammals Means they can only turn into cell located where that cell is eg if it's in tissue area it will turn into tissue cell

Question 37

How are plant stem cells different to animal

Answer 37

Plant stem cells keep their ability to turn into any type of cell in Its whole lifetimes

Question 38

Where are stem cells found in plants

Answer 38

Meristem We can therefore take Cutting so cells With differentiate into identical cope of original plant(clone)

Question 39

Tell me about stem cell research ethical issues

Answer 39

It's an ethical issue Believed God has a plan for all of us and we should not change it

Question 40

Tell me how stem cells could be used to treat a paralysed person

Answer 40

By making new nerve cells to transplant into a severe spinal cord or damaged brain

Question 41

How can we use stem cells to treat conditions like diabetes

Answer 41

Replace cells in body that are no longer working properly

Question 42

What else can stem cells be used for

Answer 42

To replace injured or defective organs Replace cells of the choroid in the eye to help patients see again