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Biology- module 2 > cell division > Flashcards

cell division Flashcards

1
Q

interphase

A

.

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2
Q

prophase I

A 
homologous chromo pair up- bivalent 
crossing over (swapping alleles)
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3
Q

Metaphase I

A

independent assortment of homologous chromosomes

h.chromo line along eq

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4
Q

anaphase I

A

spindle fibres separate h.chromo at chiasma to opp poles

no sep of centromere

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5
Q

telophase I

A

nuclear env reformes

2 haploid cells

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6
Q

what is the chiasma

A

where non-sister chromatids cross over

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7
Q

homologous chromo

A

pair of chromo w/same structure an genes one from mother and one from father

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8
Q

mitosis

A

cell div, 2 gen id daughter cells

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9
Q

role of mitosis

A

growth
tissue repair
asexual reproduction

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10
Q

centromere

A

structure on chromo that link sister chromatids together

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11
Q

what gets attched to spindle fibres during anaphase I

A

centromere

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12
Q

meiosis

A

nuclear div that prod 4 haploid gametes which are gen non-id

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13
Q

role of mitosis

A

sexual reproduction

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14
Q

where does meiosis occur

A

reproductive organs only- ovaries, testes

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15
Q

where does mitosis occur

A

body cells

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16
Q

3 stages of interphase

A

G1- first growth pahes
S- synthesis pahse
G2- second growth phase

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17
Q

G1-

A

protiens for organelle synthesis form, organelles replicate, cell increases in size

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18
Q

S

A

DNA replicated in nucleus- semi-conservative

19
Q

G2

A

cells size, e stores increased

duplicated DNA checked for errors

20
Q

two stages of mitosis

A

mitosis- nucleus divides

cytokinesis- cyto divides and two cells produced

21
Q

G0

A

when cell permanently/ temporarily leaves cycle

22
Q

reasons for cell to leave cycle

A

differentiation- becomes spec so no longer able to divide
DNA being damaged
ageing- growing nā€™ senescence cells

23
Q

give an example of a type of cell that re-enters the cell cycle after G0

A

lymphocytes- WBCs- in an immune response

24
Q

diploid

A

when a cell has two chromosomes of each type

25
Q

origin of all cells that organisms dev from

A

zygote

26
Q

how many times does the nucleus divide in meiosis

A

twice

27
Q

why must gametes have a haploid number of chromosomes

A

otherwise the chromosome number of an organism would double with every round of reproduction

28
Q

haploid

A

containing half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

29
Q

why is meiosis known as reduction division

A

reduces nā€™ chromosomes to form a haploid cell

30
Q

can you describe the cell cycle

A

.

31
Q

can you explain how the cell cycle is regulated

A

.

32
Q

can you list the main stages of mitosis

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

33
Q

what is meiosis a type of

A

nuclear division

34
Q

state which division in meiosis is a reduction division

A

.

35
Q

explain why a reduction division

A

.

36
Q

explain the meaning of the term homologous chromosomes

A

.

37
Q

outline how you could observe mitosis in a plant cell

A

.

38
Q

explain how crossing over and independent assortment lead to gen var

A

.

39
Q

recombinant chromosomes

A

.

40
Q

suggest the importance of the creation of different allele combinations in populations

A

.

41
Q

what do homologous chromosomes do before they separate

A

line up along the meta phase plate

42
Q

what does random independent assortment result in

A

many different combinations of alleles on either side of the metaphase plate

43
Q

what is the pole that parental h.chromo face due to

A

random independent assortment

Biology- module 2 (4 decks)

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