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Y11 BIOLOGY > CELL DIVISION > Flashcards

CELL DIVISION Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main reasons new cells are

needed in a human?

A

Growth and repair of body cells.

Production of specialised sex cells.

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2
Q

how many chromosomes do humans have?

A

Humans have 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs.

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3
Q

Why do you think chromosomes are described in pairs?

A

Half of the chromosomes are inherited from the mother (nucleus of egg cell) and half from the father (nucleus of sperm cell).

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4
Q

Diploid nucleus (2n) ?

A

is a nucleus containing two complete sets of

chromosomes, one from each parent

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5
Q

Where would you find a haploid nucleus?

A

Gametes (sex cells) – sperm and egg

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6
Q

Where would you find a diploid nucleus?

A

All body cells

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7
Q

Which cell would be neither diploid or haploid?

A

Red blood cell

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8
Q

Haploid nucleus (n) ?

A

is a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired

chromosomes

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9
Q

What is the diploid and haploid number for humans?

A

Diploid = 46

Haploid = 23

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10
Q

what is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is a type of cell division
which occurs during growth,
repair, cloning and asexual
reproduction.

A type of cell division which makes new cells
that are genetically identical to the original
cell

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11
Q

mitosis explained?

A 
Mitosis begins with a single
parent cell with 46 chromosomes
(2n - diploid). First the cell makes
a copy of each chromosome and
then it divides to produce two
identical daughter cells, each
with a full set of chromosomes
(2n – diploid).
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12
Q

3 roles of mitosis?

A

Tissue Growth

Tissue Repair

Asexual reproduction

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13
Q

MITOSIS KEY POINTS

A

Involves one cell division

2 new daughter cells are produced

Each daughter cell is genetically identical to
each other and to the parent cell

Chromosome number stays the same

Occurs in all body cells

Used for growth and repair (& asexual
reproduction in some organisms)

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14
Q

what is meiosis?

A

Gametes (sex cells) have half the usual number of
chromosomes, so that when fertilisation occurs the new
offspring will have a diploid nucleus.

Gametes are produced by meiosis.

Random fertilisation produces genetic variation in offspring

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15
Q

meiosis explanied?

A 
Meiosis begins with a single
parent cell with 46
chromosomes (2n - diploid).
First the cell makes a copy of
each chromosome and then it
divides to produce four
non-identical daughter cells,
each with half the number of
chromosomes (n – haploid).

This results in the formation of
genetically different haploid
gametes producing variation.

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16
Q

MEOSIS KEY POINTS?

A

2 cell divisions involved in one cycle of meiosis

Leads to the formation of 4 daughter cells

Daughter cells are genetically different to each
other and to the parent cell

Chromosome number is halved

Occurs in testes and ovaries

Used in the formation of gametes (sex cells)

17
Q

mitosis-

where does it occur?

A

all over the body

18
Q

mitosis-

number of divisions?

A

1

19
Q

mitosis-

creates which cells?

A

all cells apart from gametes

20
Q

mitosis-

number of chromosomes?

A

46 (diploid)

21
Q

mitosis-

produces how many daughter cells?

A

two cells

22
Q

mitosis-

Genetic makeup of daughter
cells compared to parent cell

A

identical

23
Q

mitosis-

Genetic makeup of daughter
cells compared to other
daughter cells

A

identical

24
Q

mitosis-

function?

A

growth, repair, asexual reproduction

25
Q

meiosis-

where does it occur?

A

sex organs

26
Q

meiosis-

number of divisions?

A

2

27
Q

meiosis-

creates which cells?

A

gametes

28
Q

meiosis-

number of chromosomes?

A

23 (haploid)

29
Q

meiosis-

produces how many daughter cells?

A

four cells

30
Q

meiosis-

Genetic makeup of daughter
cells compared to parent cell?

A

non-identical (genetic variation)

31
Q

meiosis-

Genetic makeup of daughter
cells compared to other
daughter cells?

A

non-identical (genetic variation)

32
Q

meiosis-

function?

A

formation of gametes

Y11 BIOLOGY (10 decks)

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