cell division and reproduction

Question 1

what are chromosomes

Answer 1

long strands of DNA, wrapped around protein s that carry multiple genes

Question 2

what is a gene

Answer 2

sections of DNA that contain the code for a particular characteristic

Question 3

what is mitosis a form of

Answer 3

asexual reproduction

Question 4

what are gametes

Answer 4

gametes are sex cells and are haploid

Question 5

stages of mitosis

Answer 5

1. DNA is replicated and chromosomes exist in replicated form
2. chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
3. chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles/sides of the cell
4. cytoplasm and cell membrane divide,
5. 2 identical daughter cells formed

Question 6

stages of cell cycle

Answer 6

1. Interphase: cell gets ready to divide. Cell grows in mass and size, organelles are duplicated
2. mitosis: genetic material separates to different ends of the cell
3. cytokinesis: end of mitosis, cytoplasm and cell membrane split and two new daughter cells are created
   - each daughter cell has the same set of chromosomes

Question 7

what is mitosis important for

Answer 7

the growth and repair of tissues or organisms

Question 8

what is meiosis a form of

Answer 8

sexual reproduction

Question 9

cells divide by meiosis to form what

Answer 9

gametes

Question 10

what happens when a cell divides to form gametes

Answer 10

1. copies of genetic information is made (DNA replicated)
2. the cell divides TWICE to form gametes, each with a single set of chromosomes
3. all gametes are genetically different from eachother

Question 11

mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 11

Mitosis: only one cell division occurs, 2 daughter cells produced, occurs in asexual reproduction, daughter cells are genetically identical, occurs during growth

Meiosis: cell division occurs twice, 4 daughter cells produced, occurs in sexual reproduction. daughter cells are genetically different, gametes produced

Question 12

features of asexual reproduction

Answer 12

• only one parent is needed/involved
• no fusion of gametes
• genetically identical offspring produced
• no genetic variation

Question 13

advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 13

ADV: more energy efficient as it takes less time / faster because there is no need to find a mate. Desirable characteristics are maintained in population

DIS: no variation - less likely for species to adopt to a change in the environment

Question 14

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 14

• produces variation in offspring
• if environment changes, variation gives a survival advantage by natural selection