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Biology 2012-2013 > Cell Division and The Cell Cycle Test > Flashcards

Cell Division and The Cell Cycle Test Flashcards

1
Q

True of False: Cell Division is basically the same in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

False

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2
Q

True of False: Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm

A

True

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3
Q

True of False: Mitosis is the process in which the nucleus of the cell divides

A

True

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4
Q

True of False: DNA replication results in identical chromosomes

A

True

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5
Q

True of False: A cell spends most of its life in growth phase 1 of the cell cycle

A

True

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6
Q

True of False: The S checkpoint, just before entry into the S phase, makes the key decision of whether the cell should divide

A

False

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7
Q

True of False: The correct of the cell cycle is G1–>S–>G2–>M

A

True

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8
Q

True of False: Interphase consists of mitosis and cytokinesis

A

False

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9
Q

True of False: In prokaryotic cells, all organelles, such as the golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum divide prior to cell division

A

False

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10
Q

True of False: Bacteria divides cells by binary fusion

A

False

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11
Q

True of False: A mass of abnormal cells are called a tumor

A

True

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12
Q

True of False: Organelles are made during cell growth 2

A

True

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13
Q

True of False: In eukayatic cells DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle

A

True

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14
Q

True of False: If the cell cycle is not regulated then cancer may develop

A

True

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15
Q

True of False: Mitosis occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

False

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16
Q

Vocab: The process in which one cell divides to form two daughter cells

A

Cell Division

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17
Q

Vocab:The process in which all the nuclear DNA is copied

A

DNA Replication

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18
Q

Vocab: A repeating series of events that describe the life of a cell

A

Cell Cycle

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19
Q

Vocab: Phase of cell cycle that includes the G1, S and G2 phases

A

Interphase

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20
Q

Vocab:the process by which bacterial cells divide

A

Binary Fission

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21
Q

Vocab: Phase of cell cycle in which DNA is copied

A

Synthase Phase

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22
Q

Vocab: Occurs when the cell cycle in not regulated

A

Cancer

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23
Q

Vocab: Phase of cell cycle in which the cell grows rapidly and performs many metabolic processes

A

Growth Phase 1

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24
Q

Vocab: Phase in the cell cycle in which the cell makes final preparations to divide

A

Growth Phase 2

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25
Vocab: Division of the cytoplasm resulting in two daughter cells
Cytokinesis
26
Vocab: An Abnormal amount of cells
Tumor
27
Vocab: The process in which the nucleus of the cell divides
Mitosis
28
True of False: A chromatid is made of two identicle daughter cells
False
29
True of False: There may be thousands of genes in a single chromosome
True
30
True of False: Propahse is the first phase of mitosis
True
31
True of False: Female human cells have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
True
32
True of False:Mitosis occurs in the following order: Prophase-->Metaphase-->Telophase-->Anaphase
False
33
True of False: The process in which the cell divides is called mitosis
True
34
True of False: During mitosis during DNA exists as chromatin
False
35
True of False: A gene contains the instructions to make a protein
True
36
True of False: Chromosomes form during metaphase
False
37
True of False: Mitosis is the phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle that occurs between DNA replication and the second growth phase
False
38
True of False: Sister Chromatids are identical
True
39
True of False: Chromatids seperate during Anaphase
True
40
True of False: Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins
True
41
True of False: Human cells have 64 chromosomes
False
42
True of False: Cytokinesis in the final stage of cell division
True
43
What is the main difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin is not condensed and chromosomes are
44
Why do chromosomes look like an X
Because they have been copied
45
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA (a specific site on a chromosome) that is responsible for the inheritable characters
46
Vocab: Division of the nucleus
Mitosis
47
Vocab: Region of the chromosomes where the sister chromosomes are attached
Centromere
48
Vocab: Division of cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
49
Vocab: Phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids
Metaphase
50
Vocab: Coiled Structures Made of DNA and protein
Chromosome
51
Vocab: phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide
Anaphase
52
Vocab: A segment of DNA with the genetic instructions to make a protein
Gene
53
Vocab: Two copies of replicated DNA that make a chromosome
Chromatid
54
Vocab: The first and longest phase of mitosis
Prophase
55
Vocab: Uncoiled DNA
Chromatin
56
Vocab: A pair of the same chromosomes
Homologous Chromosomes
57
Vocab: Phase of mitosis in which chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin
Telophase
58
True Or False:The basic types of reproduction are asexual reproduction, binary reproduction and sexual reproxduction
True
59
True Or False: Sexual reproduction always involves two parents
True
60
True Or False: Asexual reproduction always involves two parents
False
61
True Or False: Meiosis starts with one cell and ends with four
True
62
True Or False: "Crossing over" can occur in meiosis 1 and eukaryotes go through meiosis 2
False
63
True Or False:A zygote is the first cell of a new organism
True
64
True Or False: Meiosis 1 and Mitosis are very similar
True
65
True Or False:In humans a gamete will have 23 chromosomes
True
66
True Or False: In Binary Fission parents and offspring are identical
True
67
True Or False: In sexual reproduction parents and offspring are never identical
True
68
True Or False: Gametes are diploids and a zygote is a haploid
False
69
True Or False: Egg and Sperm are diploid Gametes
False
70
True Or False: Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes
True
71
True Or False: Starfish can reproduce by fragmentation - that is a whole new fish can grow from just a single arm
True
72
After Meiosis there are....
4 Haploid Gametes
73
Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction?
Fragmentation
74
Which of the following is true? (1) A zygote is the first cell of a new organism (2) A human zygote has 23 pairs of chromosomes (3) a Zygote is produced through fertilization
1 and 3
75
Differences between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 include:
How the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during meiosis 1 or meiosis 2, the pairing of chromosomes in meiosis 1 but not meiosis 2, the amount of DNA in a cell at the end of meiosis 1 or 2 (all of the above)
76
Because of when chromosomes pair up during meiosis, crossing over must occur during....?
Prophase 1
77
Homolougous Chromosomes separate during....?
Anaphase 1
78
A life cycle in which organisms switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages......
Do not exist
79
The random distribution of homologous chromosomes during cell division is known as.....?
Independent assortment
80
When Cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells and different chromosomes segregate _____________ of each other
Independently
81
Crossing over is the exchange of _______ material between homologous chromosomes
genetic
82
A human egg has __ chromosomes
23
83
Binary Fission, fragmentation and _______ are types of asexual reproduction
Budding
84
Meiosis is a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by ____
Half
85
A human zygote has __ chromosomes
46
86
The ____ life cycle is the simplest life cycle
cell
87
Meiosis begins with one cell and ends with _ cells
4
88
Male gametes are called _____ and female gametes are a(n) ___ cell
Sperm and egg
89
During __________, spindle fibers attach to the paired homologous chromosome
Metaphase 1
90
Organisms that have a life cycle with ____ generations switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages
Many
91
Sexual reproduction involves _ parents
2
92
Mitosis Stages:
Occurs in a body cell, which is a diploid cell that undergoes one cell division forming two diploid cells having the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
93
Meiosis Stages:
Occurs in a gamete producing cell which is a diploid cell that undergoes two cell division forming 4 haploid cells having half the number of chromosomes as the original cell
94
Define Homologous
A pair of chromosomes that correspond in body cells, one chromosome from each pair comes from each parent
95
Define Diploid
A cell with both sets of homologous chromosomes (meaning two sets)
96
Define Haploid
Containing only one set of chromosomes
97
Define Meiosis
The process of that separates homologous pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell, forming a haploid gamete
98
Define Tetrad
When alleles can be exchanged between chromatids, a process called crossing over

Biology 2012-2013 (6 decks)

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